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The effect of hot rolling on the inclusion morphology of a semi-killed and a calcium treated X-70 pipeline steel

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Journal of Materials for Energy Systems

Abstract

This is the first paper of a two paper contribution outlining the effect of inclusion morphology on elastic-plastic fracture toughness. In this paper, the effect of increasing hot deformation on the inclusion morphology of a semi-killed conventional (CON) X-70 pipeline steel was compared with that of a calcium treated (CAT) steel of the same chemical composition. Inclusion analyses at four stages of hot reduction of the CON steel viz S2 (38 pct reduced), S3 (70 pct reduced), S4 (88 pct reduced) and S6 (97 pct reduced) and two stages of reduction of the CAT steel viz C1 (63 pct reduced) and C2 (95 pct reduced) were accomplished using optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectra (EDS), and electron-microprobe analyzing (EPMA) techniques. Quantitative analysis of the inclusion parameters, the area fraction (AF), the average inclusion length (Co), the inter-inclusion distance (D), the aspect ratio (FF), and the density of distributions (N) were carried out using a Quantimet 720 image analyzing computer and by direct microstructural measurements.

It was observed that silicate and sulfide inclusions in the CON steel undergo elongation as a consequence of hot rolling, whereas the inclusions in the CAT steel do not. In the CON steels, the (Fe, Mn) O · SiO2 phase constitutes the body of the inclusion with the MnS phase present as pockets within the silicate matrix. The CAT steels contain globular inclusions of calcium-aluminate (mCaO · nAl2O3) in the central part with (Ca, Mn) S and A12O3 on the periphery.

After 88 pct hot reduction of the CON steel the MnS phase remains equiaxed, while the silicate matrix “stringers out”, elongating in the rolling direction. At the lower reduction temperatures associated with increased hot reduction from 88 to 97 pct, the elongated silicate inclusions in the CON steel break down into small fragments and the MnS phase elongates.

Comparable hot rolling of the CAT steel produces no apparent change in the size or shape of the non-metallic inclusions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, University of California, 93106, Santa Barbara, CA

    R. Maiti (Research Engineer)

  2. Metallurgical Engineering Department, University of British Columbia, V6T IW5, Vancouver, B.C., Canada

    E. B. Hawbolt (Professor)

Authors
  1. R. Maiti
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  2. E. B. Hawbolt
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Maiti, R., Hawbolt, E.B. The effect of hot rolling on the inclusion morphology of a semi-killed and a calcium treated X-70 pipeline steel. JMES 6, 251–262 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02833514

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