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Polyunsaturated fatty acids: From diet to binding to ppars and other nuclear receptors

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Abstract

Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) function not only by altering membrane lipid composition, cellular metabolism, signal transduction, but possess also effects on gene expression by regulating the activity/abundance of different nuclear transcription factors: peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, retinoid X receptors, liver X receptors, hepatic nuclear factors-4a, and sterol regulatory binding proteins 1 and 2. PUFAs regulate the expression of genes in various tissues, including the liver, heart, adipose tissue, and brain, playing a major role in carbohydrate, fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism. Before binding to transcription factors, PUFAs must be absorbed in the intestine and delivered to cells, and then they must enter the cell and the nucleus. PUFA concentration within the cell depends on many different factors, and regulate their possibility to act as transcription modulators. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge about PUFAs destiny from dietto nuclear factors binding, examining the different variables which can modulate their interaction with nuclear factors themselves and therefore their effect on gene expression.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic Acid

ACS:

AcylCoA Synthase

A-FABP:

Adipose Fatty Acid-Binding Protein

ALA:

α-Linolenic Acid

CBP:

CREB Binding Protein

CE:

Cholesterol Ester

COX:

Ciclooxygenase

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic Acid

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic Acid

FA:

Fatty Acid

FAAR:

Fatty Acid-Activated Receptor

FABPpm:

Plasma Membrane Fatty Acid-Binding Protein

FACoA:

Fatty Acyl-CoA

FAT:

Fatty Acid Translocase

FATP:

Fatty Acid Transport Protein

H-FABP:

Heart Fatty Acid-Binding Protein

HNF-4a:

Hepatic Nuclear Factors-4a

I-FABP:

Intestinal FattyAcid-Binding Protein

LA:

Linoleic Acid

LCFA:

Long Chain Fatty Acid

L-FABP:

Liver FattyAcid-Binding Protein

LPX:

Lipooxygenase

LXR:

Liver X Receptor

LXRE:

LXR Responsive Element

MAP kinase:

Mitogen-Activated Protein kinase

NCoR:

Nuclear Receptor Corepressor

NEFA:

Non-Esterified Fatty Acid

ORF:

Open Reading Frame

PBP:

PPAR Binding Protein

PL:

Phospholipid

PLA2:

Phospholipase A2

PPAR:

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

PPRE:

PPAR Response Element

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

RA:

Retinoic Acid

RAR:

Retinoic Acid Receptor

RXR:

Retinoid X Receptor

SL:

Sphingolipid

SM:

Sphingomyelin

SMRT:

Silencing Mediator for Retinoid- and Thyroid-Hormone Receptor

SRC-1:

Steroid Receptor Coactivator-1

SRE:

Sterol Responsive Element

SREBP:

Sterol Regulatory Binding Protein

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro Ricerche sulla Nutrizione - Department of Biochemistry “G. Moruzzi”, University of Bologna Via Irnerio, 48-40126, Bologna, Italy

    A. Bordoni, M. Di Nunzio, F. Danesi & P. L. Biagi

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  1. A. Bordoni
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  2. M. Di Nunzio
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  3. F. Danesi
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  4. P. L. Biagi
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Correspondence to A. Bordoni.

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Bordoni, A., Di Nunzio, M., Danesi, F. et al. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: From diet to binding to ppars and other nuclear receptors. Genes Nutr 1, 95–106 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02829951

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02829951

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