Abstract
Allozyme techniques, karyotype analyses and cultivation experiments were carried out on 20 population samples ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis (Compositae), viz.T. bessarabicum (17 samples from W. and C. Europe, Ukraine and Crimea, Central Asia and the Altai),T. salsum from Crimea,T. x mesohalobium from Crimea, andT. stenolepium from the Causasus. The taxa studied share a primitive, symmetrical karyotype. All taxa studied are sexual,T. bessarabicum mostly autogamous. Sexuality at the tetraploid level (T. stenolepium) and occasional male sterility in a sexual (T. bessarabicum in Moravia) were recorded for the first time in the genus. Selfing, diploidy and the highly predictable habitat may account for the mostly low level within population allozyme variation inT. bessarabicum. W. and C. European samples ofT. bessarabicum are almost invariable allozymically and, as a group, have no unique alleles. The Crimean and Asian group of populations shows higher levels of allozyme variation and has 15 alleles not found in the former group at 13 loci studied. Recent migration from one source region is suggested to account for the homogeneity of the western group, refugial persistence of alleles and possible introgression from sympatric species may have resulted in allele richness in the eastern group. Hybridization betweenT. bessarabicum andT. salsum was documented by allozyme patterns in a few plants in Crimea. Some aberrant allozyme or karyotypic features of two populations are discussed as well.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agapova N.D. et al. (1990): Ĉisla chromosom evetkovych rastenij flory SSSR.Aceraceae—Menyanthaceae (Chromosome numbers of flowering plants of the flora of the USSR.Aceracea-Menyanthaceae).—Nauka, Leningrad.
Arevshatjan I.G. (1970): Novye dannye o chromosomnych ĉislach vidovTaraxacum Webb. iz Armenii (New chromosome number records ofTaraxacum from Armenia).—Bot. Žurn. 55: 1167–1170.
Arevshatjan I.G. (1970): Ĉisla chromosom i razmery pylcevych zeren vidov rodaTaraxacum Weber, proizrastajuščich v Armjanskoj SSR (Chromosome numbers and pollen size in ArmenianTaraxacum species).—Biol. Žurn. Armenii 26: 38–44.
Arevshatjan I.G. (1984): RodTaraxacum (Asteraceae) vo flore Armjanskoj SSR (The genusTaraxacum (Asteraceae) in the Armenian SSR).—Bot. Žurn. 69: 1379–1384.
Barrett S.C.H. &Shore J.S. (1989): Isozyme variation in colonizing plants.—In:Soltis D.E. &Soltis P.S. (eds.): Isozymes in plant biology, pp. 106–126, Dioscorides Press, Portland.
Battjes J., Menken S.B.J. &Den Nus J.C.M. (1992): Clonal diversity in some microspecies ofTaraxacum sect.Palustria (Lindb. fil.)Dahlst. from Czechoslovakia.—Bot. Jb. Syst. 114: 315–328.
Crawford D.J. (1985): Electrophoretic data and plant speciation.—Syst. Bot. 10: 405–416.
Dem'janova E.I. (1985): Distribution of gynodioecy in flowering plants.—Bot. Žurn. 70: 1289–1301.
Den Nijs J.C.M., Menken S.B.J. & Vlot L. (1987): Gene flow in a di-triploid mixed stand ofTaraxacum (Asteraceae) in the Odenwald, BRD, as measured by isozyme analysis.—In: Abstr. 14th Int. Bot. Congress, p. 307. Berlin.
Dubcovsky J. &Martínez A.J. (1992): Cytotaxonomy of theFestuca spp. from Patagonia.—Can. J. Bot. 70: 1134–1140.
Dvořák F (1979): Study of chromosomes of Angiosperms 8.—Scr. Fac. Sci. Natur. UJEP Brno, sci. biol., 9: 85–103.
Dyer A. F. (1963): The use of lacto-propionic orcein in rapid squash methods for chromosome preparations. —Stain. Technol. 38: 85–90.
Hamrick J.L. (1989). Isozymes and the analysis of genetic, structure in plant populations.—In:Soltis D.E. &Soltis P.S. [eds.]: Isozymes in plant biology, pp. 87–106, Dioscorides Press, Portland.
Hughes J. &Richards A.J. (1985): Isozyme inheritance in diploidTaraxacum hybrids.—Heredity 54: 245–249.
Hughes J. &Richards A.J. (1988): The genetic structure of populations of sexual and asexualTaraxacum (dandelions).—Heredity 60: 161–171.
Hughes J. &Richards A.J. (1989): Isozymes and the status ofTaraxacum (Asteraceae) agamospecies.— Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 99: 365–376.
Kirschner J. & Štěpánek J. (1994a): Clonality as a part of the evolution process inTaraxacum.—Folia Geobot. Phytotax. (in prep.).
Kirschner J. & Štěpánek J. (1994b): Variation in,Taraxacum sect.Piesis. II. Taxonomic account of the section.—Preslia (in press).
Levan A., Fredga K. &Sandberg A.A. (1964): Nomenclature, for centromeric position, on chromosomes. —Hereditas 52: 201–220.
Májovský J. et al. (1974): Index of chromosome numbers of Slovakian flora (Part 3).—Acta Fac. Rer. Natur. Univ. Comen. Bot. 22: 1–20.
Małecka J. &Joachimiak A. (1988): Chromosome types inTaraxacum. I. Variability of karyotypes among some morphotypes ofTaraxacum sectionVulgaria DT.—Acta Biol. Cracov., ser. bot., 30: 77–98.
Menken S.B.J. &Morita T. (1989): Uniclonal population structure in the pentaploid obligate agamospermTaraxacum albidum Dahlst.—Pl. Species Biol. 4: 29–36.
Menken S.B.J., Morita T., Wardenaar E.C.P. &Boersma A. (1989): Genetic interpretation of enzyme variation in sexual and agamospermous taxa ofTaraxacum sectionsVulgaria andMongolica.—Genetica 78: 111–119.
Mikoláš V. &Mihoková L. (1993): Synanthropic occurrence ofTaraxacum bessarabicum (Horn.) Hand.-Mazz. in Košice, Eastern Slovakia.—Thaiszia, Košice, 3: 31–52.
Mogie M. &Richards A.J. (1983): Satellited chromosomes, systematics and phylogeny inTaraxacum (Asteraceae).—Pl. Syst. Evol. 141: 219–229.
Nei M. (1972): Genetic distance between populations.—Amer. Naturalist 106: 283–292.
Nevskij S.A. (1937):Hieracium pilosella s. 1. kak ob'jekt dlja izučenija klonal'nych vidov (Hieracium pilosella s. l. as an object suitable for examination of clonal species).—Sov. Bot. 1937/2: 18–24.
Richards A.J. (1989): A comparison of within plant karyological heterogeneity between agamospermous and sexualTaraxacum (Compositeae) as assessed by the nucleolar organiser chromosome.—Pl. Syst. Evol. 163: 177–185.
Rohlf F.J. (1990): NTSYS-pc.—Exeter Software, New York.
Vallejos C.E. (1983): Enzyme activity staining.—In:Tankley S.D. &Orton T.J. [eds.]: Isozymes in plant genetics and breeding., Part A: 469–516 Elsevier, Amsterdam etc.
Zarco C.R. (1986): A new method for estimating karyotype asymmetry.—Taxon 35: 526–530.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kirschner, J., Ŝtêpánek, J., Tichý, M. et al. Variation inTaraxacum bessarabicum and allied taxa of the sectionPiesis (Compositae): allozyme diversity, karyotypes and breeding behaviour. Folia Geobot 29, 61–83 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02807777
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02807777