Abstract
Because choice is conflict, decision-making is necessarily about conflict resolution. Choices are necessary because the options are mutually exclusive but the nature of this inherent conflict varies. Typically, these conflicts are multidimensional. In coasal zones, the complex interactions between systems makes decision-making particularly complex; in particular, environmental interests are themselves frequently in conflict. In making a choice, it is important to determine why that choice is necessary in the first place.
There are further conflicts about the objectives to be satisfied by the decision process; between the determination of the best outcome and the best decision process. Social scientists centre upon the requirement for a fair decision process rather than upon seeking an optimum outcome. Unlike physical scientists who seek more and better information, social scientists focus upon the development and maintenance of institutions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anon. 1992.Agenda 21: The United Nations Programme of Action From Rio. United Nations, New York, NY.
Anon. 1993.Conservation issues in strategic plans. Countryside Commission, Northampton.
Anon. 1998a.Project appraisal guidance: 3 economic appraisal. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.
Anon. 1998b.Memorandum of evidence submitted to the House of Commons Select Committee on Agriculture. In: Sixth Report on Flood and Coastal Defence, Vol. II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, Wildlife Trusts & WWF-UK. The Stationery Office, London.
Appleton, J. 1975.The experience of landscape. John Wiley, Chichester.
Chatterton, J.B., Green, C.H. & Penning-Rowsell, E.C. 1993.Wentlooge levels benefit-cost analysis. Report to the National Rivers Authority Welsh Region. Flood Hazard Research Centre, Enfield.
Dawes, R.M. 1980. Social dilemmas.Annu. Rev. Psychol. 31: 169–193.
Green, C.H. 1998.The environment: How can it be valued? Ought it to be valued? How does valuation assist coastal sustainability? SCOPAC Annual Conference, Chichester.
Green, C.H. & Tunstall, S.M. 1996. The environmental value and attractiveness of river corridors. In: Bravard, J.-P., Laurent, J.P., Davallon, A.M. & Bethemont, J. (eds.)Les paysages de l'eau aux portes de la ville. Centre Jacques Cartier, Lyon.
Green, C.H. & Tunstall, S.M. 1998.Water management: a natural case of co-operation? UNESCO Conference on World Water Resources in the World for the 21 st Century, Paris.
Hardin, G. 1968. The tragedy of the commons.Science 162: 1243–1248.
Heimlich, R.E. 1991.National policy of ‘no net loss’ of wetlands: what do agricultural economists have to contribute? Resources and technology division, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Maltby, E. 1986.Waterlogged wealth. Earthscan, London.
Mitchell, G., Tetlock, G., Mellers, P.E. & Ordonez, B.A. 1993. Judgments of social justice: compromises between equality and efficiency.J. Person. Soc. Psychol. 65: 629–639.
Ostrom, E. 1990.Governing the commons: the evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Parker, D.J. 1995.Hengistbury Head: Warren Hill coast protection scheme proposals benefit-cost appraisal. Report to the Bournemouth Development Services. Flood Hazard Research Centre, Enfield.
Parker, D.J. & Thompson, P.M. 1988. An ‘extended’ economic appraisal of coast protection works: a case study of Hengistbury Head, England.Ocean Shorel. Manage. 11: 45–72.
Penning-Rowsell, E.C., Green, C.H., Thompson, P.M., Coker, A.C., Tunstall, S.M., Richards, C. & Parker, D.J. 1992.The benefits of coast protection and sea defence: a manual of assessment technique. Belhaven, London.
Reppert, R. 1992.National wetland mitigation banking study, IWR Report 92-WMB-1. Institute for Water Resources, US Army Corps of Engineers, Alexandria, VA.
Sen, A.K. 1992.Inequality re-examined. Clarendon, Oxford.
Sprey, J. 1969. The family as a system in conflicts.J. Marriage Family 31: 699–706.
Stroessner, S.J. & Heuer, L.B. 1996. Cognitive bias in procedural justice: formation and implications of illusory correlations in perceived intergroup fairness.J. Person. Soc. Psychol. 71: 717–728.
Thibaut, J. & Walker, L. 1975.Procedural justice: a psychological analysis. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Tyler, T.R. & Degoey, P. 1995. Collective restraint in social dilemmas: Procedural justice and social identification effects on support for authorities.J. Person. Soc. Psychol. 69: 482–497.
Zwarteveen, M. 1997.A plot of one's own: Gender relations and irrigated land allocation policies in Burkina Faso. International Irrigation Management Institute, Washington, DC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Green, C., Penning-Rowsell, E. Inherent conflicts at the coast. J Coast Conserv 5, 153–162 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02802753
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02802753