Abstract
There is an urgent need to control nutrient discharges into coastal aquatic systems because they are one of the main anthropogenic environmental impacts on coastal seas. Efficient management of nutrient fluxes in the coastal zone requires a sound scientific basis. This involves research on the dynamics of natural and social systems. In this paper some concepts and tools are discussed which are currently available in ecology and economics to preserve the aquatic environment. In ecology, knowledge of ecosystem functions and responses to human perturbations at the ecosystem level is more advanced than at the community level. Therefore, the biological integrity approach as the primary management goal is a more useful concept than the biological diversity approach.
Economics is the necessary link between the environmental issue that is caused by human activity and the deduction of an environmental policy that addresses the origin of these issues. Different approaches of selecting cost-minimal solutions and optimal levels of environmental quality, as well as different categories of environmental goods, are discussed.
Ecological and economic sciences are mainly referring to regional situations. Hence Integrated Coastal (Zone) Management (IC(Z)M) strategies are case-specific and basically local. However, the main challenge of ICZM research is to handle the variety of temporal and spatial scales of natural and social systems in order to obtain a comprehensive description of processes controlling nutrient dynamics in the coastal zone which can be used by decision-makers.
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Abbreviations
- ICM:
-
Integrated Coastal Management
- ICZM:
-
Integrated Coastal Zone Management
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Christoph, H., Christian, K. Integrated coastal management from the perspective of nutrient control. J Coast Conserv 5, 135–144 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02802750
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02802750