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First observations on the parasitoids associated with lepidopterous pests of cotton in Burkina faso

Premières observations sur les parasitoïdes associés aux lépidoptères déprédateurs de la culture cotonnière au Burkina Faso

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Abstract

A study was conducted in Burkina Faso from 1991 to 1994 on the parasitoids associated with the following lepidopterous pests of cotton:Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),Earias spp.,Diparopsis watersi (Rothschild),Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval),Syllepte derogata (F.) andAnomis flava (F.). Thirty-nine primary parasitoid species and ten secondary parasitoid species were collected. The mean annual parasitism rates were lower than 20%, except forS. derogata pupae (42.9%). Maximum weekly parasitism rates could be high, with 61.5% recorded forS. derogata pupae and 32.9% forH. armigera larvae. The highest parasitism rates were found forMeteorus laphygmarum Brues (Braconidae) onH. armigera, Xanthopimpla aliena Krieger (Ichneumonidae),Brachymeria olethria (Waterston) andB. citrea (Steffan) (Chalcididae) onS. derogata, Aleiodes dedivus (Szépligeti),Dolichogenidea sp. (Braconidae) andBrachymeria feae Masi onEarias spp., an unidentified Tachinidae onA. flava andMetopius discolor Tosquinet (Ichneumonidae) onS. littoralis. Secondary parasitoids are mainly associated withApanteles spp. (Braconidae) which parasitizeS. derogata larvae. Some species of these secondary parasitoids such asNesolynx phaeosoma (Waterston),Pedobius amaurocoelus (Waterston) (Eulophidae) andAphanogmus fijiensis (Ferrière) (Ceraphronidae) may also attack certain Braconidae or Chalcididae that are primary parasitoids of other lepidopterous pests.

Résumé

Une étude des parasitoïdes des ravageurs du cotonnier au Burkina Faso a été menée entre 1991 et 1994 sur les genres ou espèces de lépidoptères suivants:Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),Earias spp.,Diparopsis watersi (Rothschild),Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval),Syllepte derogata (F.) etAnomis flava (F.). Trente-neuf parasitoïdes primaires et dix parasitoïdes secondaires ont été observés. Les taux de parasitisme moyens annuels sont inférieurs à 20%, hormis pour les chrysalides deS. derogata (42,9%). Les valeurs maximales des taux hebdomadaires de parasitisme peuvent être élevées: 61,5% pour les chrysalides deS. derogata ou 32,9% pour les chenilles deH. armigera. Les taux maxima de parasitisme les plus élevés ont été obtenus avecMeteorus laphygmarum Brues (Braconidae) surH. armigera; Xanthopimpla aliena Krieger (Ichneumonidae),Brachymeria olethria (Waterston) etB. citrea (Steffan) (Chalcididae) surS. derogata; Aleiodes dedivus (Szépligeti),Dolichogenidea sp. (Braconidae) etBrachymeria feae Masi surEarias spp.; un Tachinidae indéterminé surA. flava; Metopius discolor Tosquinet (Ichneumonidae) surS. littoralis. Les parasitoïdes secondaires sont essentiellement associés auxApanteles spp. (Braconidae) parasitant les larves deS. derogata. Parmi ces parasitoïdes secondaires, certaines espèces, telles queNesolynx phaeosoma (Waterston),Pedobius amaurocoelus (Waterston) (Eulophidae) ouAphanogmus fijiensis (Ferrière) (Ceraphronidae), sont susceptibles de s’attaquer également aux Braconidae ou aux Chalcididae parasites primaires des autres lépidoptères.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut d’Etudes et de Recherches Agricoles, BP 7192, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    J. C. Streito & S. Nibouche

  2. Service Regional de la Protection des Végétaux, 38 rue Sainte Catherine, 54000, Nancy, France

    J. C. Streito

  3. CIRAD, Montpellier cedex 1, BP 5035, 34032, France

    S. Nibouche

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  1. J. C. Streito
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  2. S. Nibouche
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Streito, J.C., Nibouche, S. First observations on the parasitoids associated with lepidopterous pests of cotton in Burkina faso. BioControl 42, 543–557 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02769814

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