Abstract
We surveyed the parasitoid complex associated with four non-pest tephritid flies in Hawaii,Procecidochares alani Steyskal (on the Island of Hawaii), andEutreta xanthochaeta Aldrich,Phaeogramma lortnocoibon Asquith, andTrupanea dubautiae (Byran) (on the island of Kauai). The former two tephritids are deliberatelyintroduced biological control agents of weeds; and the latter two are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Ten species of hymenopterous parasitoids in six families were recovered from these four non-pest tephritids. Among these species of parasitoids, six were inadvertently introduced to Hawaii, includingEurytoma tephritidis Fullaway (Eurytomidae),Bracon terryi (Bridwell) (Braconidae),Habrocytus elevatus (Walker) (Pteromalidae),Euderus metallicus (Ashmead) (Eulophidae),Torymus advenus (Osten Sacken) (Torymidae), andEupelmus allynii (French) (Eupelmidae); and three were purposely introduced to Hawaii for classical biological control of economically important pests, includingEupelmus cushmani (Crawford),Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), (Braconidae), andDiachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). The relative abundance of parasitoid species and percent parasitism varied with the tephritid hosts. Our findings indicate that future development and implementation of biological control programs against frugivorous tephritids or other pests should consider the potential impact of some of the parasitoids on deliberately-introduced weed control agents. Before we can fully assess the potential impacts of some of the purposely-introduced parasitoids on non-target tephritids, however, effects of the many vagrant parasitoids associated with the non-targets should be thoroughly investigated
Résumé
La présente étude porte sur le complexe de parasitoïdes associés à 4 mouches téphritides non considérées comme des ravageurs à Hawaii :Procedicochares alani Steyskal (sur l’île d’Hawaï),Eutreta xanthochaeta Aldrich,Phaeogramma lortnocoibon Asquith etTmpanea dubautiae (Byran) (sur l’île de Kauai). Les deux premières ont été délibérément introduites comme agents de lutte biologique contre des mauvaises herbes ; les deux dernières sont endémiques aux îles Hawaï. Dix espèces d’hyménoptères parasitoïdes, appartenant à six familles, ont été obtenues à partir de ces quatres espèces de téphritides. Parmi ces parasitoïdes, six ont été introduits accidentellement à Hawaï, à savoirEurytoma iephritidis Fullaway (Eurytomidae),Bracon terryi (Bridwell) (Braconidae),Habrocytus elevatus (Walker) (Pteromalidae),Euderus metallicus (Ashmead) (Eulophidae),Torymus advenus (Osten Sacken) (Torymidae) etEupelmus allynii (French) (Eupelmidae) ; trois ont été introduits délibérément à Hawaii dans le cadre de programmes de lutte biologique classique contre des ravageurs d’importance économique, qui sontEupelmus cushmani (Crawford),Diachasmimorpha tryoni (Cameron), (Braconidae) etDiachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead). L’abondance relative de ces parasitoïdes et le pourcentage de parasitisme varient en fonction du téphritide hôte. Nos résultats indiquent que le développement futur et la mise en place de programmes de lutte biologique contre des téphritides nuisibles aux fruits ou contre d’autres ravageurs devraient prendre en compte l’impact possible de certains de ces parasitoïdes sur des agents de lutte biologique délibérément introduits contre des mauvaises herbes. Avant que nous ne puissions pleinement évaluer l’impact potentiel de ces parasitoïdes introduits délibérément sur des espèces de téphritides qui ne constituaient pas la cible de ces introductions, les effets des nombreux parasitoïdes erratiques associés à ces mouches des fruits devront être complètement étudiés
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Duan, J.J., Purcell, M.F. & Messing, H. Parasitons of non-target tephritid flies in hawaii: Implications for biological control of fruit fly pests. Entomophaga 41, 245–256 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764250
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02764250