Skip to main content
Log in

Pavlovian george windholz (1931–2002): An exemplar of scholarly “observation and observation” and a critical contributor to psychology, and hence to behavioral neuroscience

  • Papers
  • Published:
Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Although most members of the Pavlovian Society properly focus their efforts on empirical research, the scholarly, critical conceptual contributions of some individuals are also relevant to progress in psychology and behavioral neuroscience. This paper discusses the contributions of the late George Windholz (often in collaboration with Peter Lamal) as: (a) a historian of Pavlov’s life, and work; (b) an analyst of priority issues in psychology as a science; (c) a refuter of myths perpetrated by psychology texts. These contributions provide an example of the scholarly form of the motto “observation and observation,” where the data used to test hypotheses comprise original documents (often in languages other than English) examined by the historian’s critical eye.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Biederman, G.B., & Furedy, J.J. (1979). A history of rat preference for signaled shock: From paradox to paradigm.Australian Journal of Psychology, 31, 101–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boldyrev, V.N. (1905). The formation of artificial conditional (psychical) reflexes and their characteristics: The transformation of sounds, smells and light in artificial evocators of salivary flow.Trudy Obshchestva Russkikh Vrachei vS.-Peterburge s Prilozheniem Protokolov Zasedanii Obschchestva za 1904–1905 God, 72, 321–346 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dengerink, J.A., & Taylor, S.P. (1971). Multiple responses with differential properties in delayed galvanic skin response conditioning: A review.Psychophysiology, 8, 348–360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, R., Kirshnit, C.E., Lanza R.P., & Rubins, L.C. (1984). “Insight” in the pigeon: Antecedents and determinants of an intelligent performance.Nature, 308, 61–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J.J. (1970). A test of the preparatory-adaptive-response interpretation of aversive classical autonomic conditioning.Journal of Experimental psychology, 84, 301–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J.J. (1975). An Integrative Progress Report on Informational control in humans: Some laboratory findings and methodological claims.Australian Journal of Psychology, 27, 61–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J.J. (1992). Reflections on human Pavlovian decelerative heart-rate conditioning with negative tilt as US: Alternative approaches.Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 27, 347–355.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J.J. (2001). An epistemologically arrogant community of contending scholars: A pre-Socratic perspective on the past, present, and future of the Pavlovian society.Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, 36, 5–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J.J. (2003a). For unification of psychology students should be educated not rained. Letter toAmerican Psychological Society Observer, p. 7. January.

  • Furedy, J.J. (2003b). Pavlov, Ivan (1849–1936). In J. Byrne (ed.).Learning & Memory., 2 nd edition: The MacMillan Psychology reference series (pp.516–520). New York: MacMillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furedy, J.J. (2003c). Pavlov's methodological behaviourism as a pre-Socratic contribution to the melding of experimental and differential psychology. In “A century of Pavlovian theory.: The Madrid lecture (Pavlov, 1903).Spanish Journal of Psychology, 6, 133–46.

  • Gantt, H. (1989). Notes on Pavlov Written While I was in Russia (1922–1927).The Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 14, 1–5. Posthumour publication, edited by theJournal's editor F.J. McGuigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimsley, D.I., & Windholz, G. (2000). The neuropsychological aspects of Pavlov's theory of higher nervous activity: In honor of he 150th anniversary of Pavlov's birth.Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 9, 152–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kashereninova., N.A. (1908).Contributions Toward the Study of Conditional Salivary Reflexes in Response to the Tactile Stimulation of a Dog's Skin. St. Petersburg.: Tipografiia Shtaba Otdelnago Korpusa Zhandarmov (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T.S. (1962).The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matter, F. (1918)Child behavior. Boston: Badger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, N.E. (1969). Learning of visceral and glandular responses.Science, 163 434–445.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlov, I.P. (1927).Conditioned reflexes, an Investigation of the Physiological Activity of the Cerebral, Cortex. G.V. Anrep (Ed. and Trans.). London: Oxford University Press, Humphrey Milford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Platt, J.R. (1964). Strong inference.Science, 146, 347–352.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, C.C., Jr. (1968). An analysis of the concept of reinforcement.Psychological Review, 75, 155–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Twitmeyer, E.B. (1905). Knee-jerks without stimulation of the patellar tendon.Psychological Bulletin, 2, 43–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J.B. (1913). Psychology as the behaviorist views it.Psychological Review, 20, 158–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, J.B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions.Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G. (1983). Pavlov's position toward American behaviorism.Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 19, 394–407.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G. (1986). A comparative analysis of the conditional reflex discoveries of Pavlov and Twitmeyer, and the birth of a paradigm.Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 21, 141–147.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G. (1987). Pavlov as a psychologist: A re-appraisal..Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 22, 103–112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G. (1989). The discovery of the principles of reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and differentiation of conditional reflexes in Pavlov's laboratories.Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 23, 35–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G. (1991). The discovery of the principles of reinforcement, extinction, generalization, and differentiation of conditional reflexes in Pavlov's laboratories.Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 24, 34–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G. (1997). I. P. Pavlov as a youth.Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 26, 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G., & Lamal, P. A. (1986a). Pavlov and the concept of association.Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science, 21, 12–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G., & Lamal, P.A. (1986b). Priority in the classical conditioning of children.Teaching of Psychology, 13, 192–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G., & Lamal, P.A. (1993). Vagaries of science, priority, independent discovery, and the quest for recognition.Psychological Record, 43, 339–350.

    Google Scholar 

  • Windholz, G., & Wyrwicka, W. (1996). Pavlov's position toward Konorski and Miller's distinction between Pavlovian and motor conditioning paradigms.Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 31, 338–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Furedy, J.J. Pavlovian george windholz (1931–2002): An exemplar of scholarly “observation and observation” and a critical contributor to psychology, and hence to behavioral neuroscience. Integr. psych. behav. 39, 139–147 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02734279

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02734279

Key Words

Navigation