Skip to main content
Log in

On the covariant description of spontaneously broken symmetry in general field theory

О ковариантном описании спонтанно нарущенной симметрии в обшей теории поля

  • Published:
Il Nuovo Cimento A (1965-1970)

Summary

Reducible fieldsA(x) with degenerate vacuum which allow the unitary-symmetry transformationU −1(c)A(x)U(c)=A(x)+c are analysed. We describe the mathematical properties of the « charge integral » related to the conserved current of this spontaneously broken symmetry. Further we discuss the structure of theS-matrix theory in such a generalized field theory as a guide-line for the treatment of more complex examples of spontaneously broken symmetries.

Riassunto

Si esaminano i campi riducibiliA(x) con vuoto degenere che consentono la trasformazione di simmetria unitariaU −1(c)A(x)U(c)=A(x)+c. Si descrivono le proprietà matematiche dell’ « integrale di carica » correlato alla corrente conservata di questa simmetria spontaneamente infranta. Inoltre si discute la struttura della teoria della matriceS in tale teoria dei campi generalizzata come guida per il trattamento di esempi più complessi di simmetrie spontaneamente infrante.

Реэюме

Аналиэируются приводимые поляA(x) с вырожденным вакуумом, которые допускают унитарные преобраэования симметрииU (x)A(x)U(x)=A(x)+c. Мы описываем математические свойства « интеграла эаряда », свяэанного с сохра-няюшимся током зтой спонтанно нарущенной симметрии. Затем мы обсуждаем структуру теорииS матрицы в такой обобшенной теории поля, как « направляюшая траектория », для рассмотрения более сложных случаев спонтанно нарущенных симметрий.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W. Heisenberg:Einführung in die einheitliche Feldtheorie der Elementarteilchen (Stuttgart, 1967);Y. Nambu andG. Jona-Lasinio:Phys. Rev.,122, 345 (1961);124, 246 (1961).

  2. S. Weinberg:Proceedings of the XIV International Conference on High-Energy Physics (Vienna, 1968), p. 253.

  3. S. Weinberg:Phys. Rev. Lett.,19, 1264 (1967);A. Salam:Elementary Particle Theory, edited byN. Svartholm (Stockholm, 1968);B. W. Lee:Proceedings of the XVI International Conference on High-Energy Physics, Vol.4 (Kiev, 1970), p. 249.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. S. Weinberg:Phys. Rev. Lett.,31, 494 (1973);A. Casher, J. Kogut andL. Susskind:Phys. Rev. Lett.,31, 792 (1973);Phys. Rev. D,10, 732 (1974);K. G. Wilson:Phys. Rev. D,10, 2445 (1974);Z. F. Ezawa andH. C. Tze: DAMTP 75/5.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. G. Jona-Lasinio:Nuovo Cimento,34, 1790 (1964);R. Jackiw:Phys. Rev. D,9, 1686 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. G. Kramer, H. Rollnik andB. Stech:Zeits. Phys.,154, 564 (1959);M. Gell-Mann andM. Lévy:Nuovo Cimento,16, 705 (1960);F. Gürsey:Nuovo Cimento,16, 230 (1960);P. Chang andF. Gürsey:Phys. Rev.,164, 1752 (1967).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. R. F. Streater andA. S. Wightman:PCT, Spin and Statistics and All That (New York, N. Y., and Amsterdam, 1964);R. Jost:The General Theory of Quantized Fields (Providence, R. I., 1965).

  8. R. F. Streater:Proc. Roy. Soc.,287 A, 510 (1965);D. Kastler, D. W. Robinson andA. Swieca:Comm. Math. Phys.,2, 108 (1966);D. Kastler:Proceedings of the 1967 International Conference on Particles and Fields (New York, N. Y., 1967), p. 305.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. G. S. Guralnik:Phys. Rev. Lett.,13, 295 (1964).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Kastler, D. W. Robinson andA. Swieca:Comm. Math. Phys.,2, 108 (1966).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. B. Schroer andP. Stichel:Comm. Math. Phys.,3, 258 (1966). For related problems, seeH. Reeh:Forts. Phys.,16, 687 (1968);C. A. Orzalesi:Rev. Mod. Phys. 42, 381 (1970);D. Maison andH. Reeh:Nuovo Cimento,1 A, 78 (1971).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Goldstone:Nuovo Cimento,19, 154 (1961);J. Goldstone, A. Salam andS. Weinberg:Phys. Rev.,127, 965 (1962);T. W. B. Kibble:Proceedings of the 1967 International Conference on Particles and Fields (New York, N. Y., 1967), p. 277.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. P. Higgs:Phys. Lett.,12, 132 (1964);G. Guralnik, C. R. Hagen andT. W. B. Kibble:Phys. Rev. Lett.,13, 585 (1964);T. W. B. Kibble:Phys. Rev.,155, 1554 (1967), and ref. (12).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. A review on this subject is contained inS. Weinberg:Dynamic and algebraic symmetries, inLectures on Elementary Particles and Quantum Field Theory, edited byS. Deser, M. Grisaru andH. Pendleton (Cambridge, Mass., 1970).

  15. T. D. Lee:Phys. Rev. D,8, 1226 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. G. C. Wick, A. S. Wightman andE. P. Wigner:Phys. Rev.,88, 101 (1952);S. Doplicher, R. Haag andJ. E. Roberts:Comm. Math. Phys.,13, 1 (1969);15, 173 (1969);23, 199 (1971);35, 49 (1974).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. H. Araki:Prog. Theor. Phys.,32, 844 (1964);H. J. Borchers:Comm. Math. Phys.,1, 49 (1965).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. H. Umezawa: inRenormalization and Invariance in Quantum Field Theory, edited byE. R. Caianiello (New York, N. Y., 1974), p. 275;H. Matsamoto, N. J. Papastamatiou andH. Umezawa:Phys. Lett.,46 B, 93 (1973);Nucl. Phys.,68 B, 236 (1974);82 B, 45 (1974).

  19. S. Weinberg:Phys. Rev.,166, 1568 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. H. Lehmann, K. Symanzik andW. Zimmermann:Nuovo Cimento,1, 425 (1955);6, 1 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Contraction:E. Inönü andE. P. Wigner:Proc. Acad. Sci.,39, 510 (1953);E. Weimar:Nuovo Cimento,15 B, 245 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chiral invariant perturbation theory:J. Honerkamp andK. Meetz:Phys. Rev. D,3, 1996 (1971);L. D. Faddeev andA. A. Slavnov:Sov. Phys. (TMP),8, 297 (1971);J. Honerkamp:Nucl. Phys.,36 B, 130 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. R. Hermann:Comm. Math. Phys.,2, 251 (1966);3, 53, 75 (1966);E. Weimar:Nuovo Cimento,15 B, 245, 257, 272 (1973).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Böhm, H. Joos andM. Krammer: CERN preprint TH. 1949 (1974);R. Carlitz, D. Heckathorn, J. Kaur andW. K. Tung: Chicago University EFI 74-32.

  25. S. L. Adler:Phys. Rev.,137, B 1022 (1965);139, B 1638 (1965).

  26. H. Lehmann: inRecent Developments in Mathematical Physics, edited byP. Urban (Wien and New York, N. Y., 1973), p. 139.

  27. G. Kramer andW. F. Palmer:Phys. Rev.,182, 1492 (1969).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. von Neumann:Compositio Math.,6, 1 (1938);L. Van Hove:Physica,18, 145 (1952). In avoiding the nonseparable Hilbert space, we follow the approach ofR. Haag:Nuovo Cimento,25, 287 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  29. For the distribution theoretic notions if GFT, seeR. Jost:The General Theory of Quantized Fields (Providence, R. I., 1965);K. Hepp: inParticle Symmetries and Axiomatic Field Theory, edited byM. Chrétien andS. Deser (New York, N. Y., 1965), p. 135.

  30. A slightly more general discussion might be based on the work ofH. Araki:Prog. Theor. Phys.,32, 844 (1964).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. D. Kastler andD. W. Robinson:Comm. Math. Phys.,3, 151 (1966).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. K. Baumann andW. Schmidt:Nuovo Cimento,4, 860 (1956).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. S. Doplicher:Comm. Math. Phys.,3, 228 (1966).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. P. R. Halmos:Introduction to Hilbert Space and the Theory of Spectral Multiplicity (New York, N. Y., 1951).

  35. G. C. Wick:Phys. Rev.,80, 268 (1950).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. R. Haag:Dan. Math. Fys. Medd.,29, 13 (1955).

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  37. V. Glasser, H. Lehmann andW. Zimmermann:Nuovo Cimento,6, 1122 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. R. F. Streater:Proc. Roy. Soc.,287 A, 510 (1965);E. Fabri andL. E. Picasso:Phys. Rev. Lett.,16, 408 (1966).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. R. Haag andB. Schroer:Journ. Math. Phys.,3, 248 (1962).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. R. Haag:Phys. Rev.,112, 669 (1958);H. Araki, K. Hepp andD. Ruelle:Helv. Phys. Acta,35, 164 (1962).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. R. Haag:Phys. Rev.,112, 669 (1958);D. Ruelle:Helv. Phys. Acta,35, 147 (1962);R. Jost:The General Theory of Quantized Fields (Providence, R. I., 1965).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. K. Nishijima:Nuovo Cimento,11, 698 (1959);J. Hamilton:Nucl. Phys.,1 B, 449 (1967);M. Martinis:Nuovo Cimento,56 A, 935 (1968).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

To speed up publication, the authors of this paper have agreed to not receive the proofs for correction.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Joos, H., Weimar, E. On the covariant description of spontaneously broken symmetry in general field theory. Nuov Cim A 32, 283–312 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02730117

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02730117

Navigation