Summary
For various reasons the description of matter in terms of a negative pressure (or state of tension) may be a realistic possibility in the early universe. The effect of such a state of decompression on the evolution of the scale factor in a homogeneous and isotropic universe admitting energy-dependent bulk viscosity is briefly discussed.
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Wolf, C. Negative pressure in the early universe and its effect on cosmological evolution. Nuov Cim B 107, 987–992 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02727038
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02727038