Skip to main content
Log in

A model for high-energy inelastic processes

Модель для неупругих процессов при высоких энереиях

  • Published:
Il Nuovo Cimento A (1965-1970)

Summary

The problem of expressing the high-energy inelastic amplitudes in terms of the elastic amplitudes that couple through unitarity is discussed. A solution to this problem is given by approximately solving the unitarity equations with assumptions similar to the ones usually made in the absorptive model, together with a high-energy factorization property. The surprising result is obtained that the inelastic amplitudes are completely expressible in terms ofall the elastic ones that have the correct quantum numbers to couple through unitarity. Some general properties of this solution are investigated for πp and Kp charge exchange by using an exact Fourier-Bessel representation which is derived by means of techniques previously developed. Similarly to what happens in the Byers and Yang droplet model, the high-energy inelastic amplitudes in the forward direction show an exponentially decreasing peak (as function of the momentum transfer), if this is present in at least one of the elastic (initial and final) channels. The question of whether the forward peak of the inelastic amplitude is narrower or wider or comparable to the elastic one is seen to require a very detailed parametrization of the elastic data. In principle, in our model, there are no arbitrary parameters left since the inelastic amplitudes are completely determined from the knowledge ofall the elastic ones. In practice, however, the limitation of experimental information at our disposal forces us to introduce an empirical energy-dependent factor. Within the framework of our model, little can be said about this energy-dependent factor. If, however, one makes the extra assumption that all the elastic channels are comparably equal and that the number of channels open at a given (high) energy have the same energy dependence as the multiplicity, then it can be seen that very good agrement is obtained, in this approximation, for π→π0n which is the only case for which a sufficiently large statistics exists. No detailed numerical comparison of the theory with experimental data is attempted in this preliminary paper.

Riassunto

Si discute il problema di esprimere le ampiezze d’urto inelastiche, nel limite di alte en ergie, per mezzo delle ampiezze elastiche accoppiate attraverso l’unitarietà. Si presenta una soluzione a questo problema risolvendo approssim ativamente le equazioni fornite dalla condizione di unitarietà per mezzo di ipotesi di tipo assorbitivo, insieme con una proprietà di fattorizzazione ad alte energie. Il risultato sorprendente che si ottiene è che le ampiezze inelastiche sono completamente esprimibili in funzione ditutte le ampiezze elastiche aventi i numeri quantici necessari per accoppiarsi attraverso l’unitarietà. Alcune proprietà generali di questa soluzione sono studiate per i processi di scambio carica πp e Kp utilizzando una rappresentazione di Fourier-Bessel esatta che era stata precedentemente derivata. Similmente a quel che si ottiene nel modello a goccia di Byers e Yang, le ampiezze inelastiche ad alte energie nella direzione in avanti mostrano un picco diffrattivo di tipo esponenziale (nel momento trasferito), se questi è presente in almeno uno dei due canali elastici iniziale e finale. Si mostra anche che il problema se la larghezza del picco inelastico sia maggiore o minore o confrontabile con l’elastico, richiede una accurata parametrizzazione dei dati dell’elastico. In linea di principio, nel presente modello non vi sono parametri arbitrari poiché le ampiezze inelastiche sono determinate completamente dall a conoscenza ditutte le ampiezze elastiche. In pratica, tuttavia, la limitatezza dei dati sperimentali disponibili ei costringe ad introdurre un fattore empirico dipendente dall’energia e poco si può dire su questo fattore nell’ambito del modello. Se però si fa l’ipotesi addizionale che i contributi di tutti i canali elastici siano all’incirca uguali e che il numero di canali aperti ad una data (alta) energia abbia la stessa dipendenza dall’energia della molteplicità, si può vedere che un buon accordo si ottiene, in questa approssimazione, per π→π0n che è l’unico processo per il quale si ha a disposizione una statistica sufficiente. In questo lavoro preliminare, non si fa alcun tentativo di fare un particolareggiato confronto della teoria con i dati sperimentali.

Резюме

Обсуждается проблема выражения неупругих амплитуд через упругие амплитуды, которые связаны через унитарность. Приводится решение этой проблемы посредством приблизительного решения уравнений унитарности, используя предположения, аналогичные тем, которые обычно делаются в модели с поглощением, совместно со свойством факторизации при высоких энергиях. Получен удивительный результат, что неупругие амплитуды могут быть полностью выражены в терминах от всех упругих амплитуд, которые имеют правильные квантовые числа, для связи через унитарность. Исследуются некоторые общие своиства для перезарядки πp и Kp, используя точное представление Фуряе-Бесселя, которое выводится с помощью предварительно развитой техники. Аналогично тому, как случилось в капельной модели Байерса и Янга, неупругие амплитуды на нулевой угол обнаруживают при высоких энергиях экспоненциально спадаюший пик (как функция переданного импульса), если пик присутствует; по крайней мере, в одном из упругих (начальных и конечных) каналах. Вопрос, является ли пик в неред более узким, или более широким, или сравнимым с упругим пиком, требует очень детальной параметризации упругих данных. В частности, в нашей модели, не остается произвольных параметров, т.к. неупругие амплитуды полностью определяются из знания всех упругих амплитуд. Однако, практически, ограниченность, имеющеися в нашем распоряжении экспериментальной информации, вынуждает нас ввести эмпирический фактор зависящий от энергии. В рамках нашей модели, очень мало можно сказать об этом зависящем от энергии факторе. Если, однако, сделать дополнительное предположение, что все упругие каналы приблизительно равны и что число каналов, открытых при данной (высокой) энергии, имеет ту же энергетическую зависимость, как и множественность, тогда можно видеть, что в этом приближении получается очень хорошее согласие для реакции π→π0n, представляющей единственный случай, для которого существует достаточно больщая статистика. В этой предварительной статье не предпринимается попыток дкя подробного численного сравнения теории с экспериментальными данными.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. See,e.g.:K. J. Foley, S. J. Lindenbaum, W. A. Love, S. Ozaki, J. J. Russell andL. C. L. Yuan:Phys. Rev. Lett.,11, 425, 503 (1963);K. J. Foley, R. S. Gilmore, S. J. Lindenbaum, W. A. Love, S. Ozaki, E. H. Willen, R. Yamada andL. C. L. Yuan,Phys. Rev. Lett.,15, 45 (1965);M. N. Focacci, S. Focardi, G. Giacomelli, P. Serra, M. P. Zerbetto andL. Monari:Phys. Lett.,19, 441 (1965);M. L. Perl, Y. Y. Lee andE. Marquit:Phys. Rev.,138, B 707 (1965);C. T. Coffin, N. Dikmen, L. Ettlinger, D. Meyer, A. Saulys, K. Terwilliger andD. Williams:Phys. Rev. Lett.,15, 838 (1965);J. Gordon:Phys. Lett.,21, 117 (1966);M. N. Kreisler, F. Martin, M. L. Perl, M. J. Longo andS. T. Powell III:Phys. Rev. Lett.,16, 1217 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. J. Foley, R. S. Gilmore, R. S. Jones, S. J. Lindenbaum, W. A. Love, S. Ozaki, E. H. Willen, R. Yamada andL. C. L. Yuan:Phys. Rev. Lett.,14, 74, 862 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. SeeG. Cocconi, V. T. Cocconi, A. D. Krisch, J. Orear, R. Rubinstein, D. B. Scarl, B. T. Ulrich, W. F. Baker, E. W. Jenkins andA. L. Read:Phys. Rev.,138, B 165 (1965) and the references quoted there; see alsoM. L. Perl, Y. Y. Lee andE. Marquit:Phys. Rev.,138, B 707 (1965);J. Orear, R. Rubinstein, D. B. Scarl, D. H. White, A. D. Krisch, W. R. Frisken, A. L. Read andH. Ruderman:Phys. Rev. Lett.,15, 309 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Orear:Phys. Rev. Lett.,12, 112 (1964). See alsoT. T. Wu andC. N. Yang:Phys. Rev.,137, B 708 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Seee. g.,C. T. Coffin,N. Dikmen,L. Ettlinger,D. Meyer,A. Saulys,K. Terwilliger andD. Williams:Phys. Rev. Lett.,15, 838 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Borghini, G. Coignet, L. Dick, L. Di Lella, A. Michalowicz, P. C. Macq andJ. C. Olivier:Phys. Lett.,21, 114 (1966);R. J. Esterling, R. E. Hill, N. E. Booth, S. Suwa andA. Yokosawa: EFINS report 66-29:H. Steiner, F. Betz, O. Chamberlain, B. Dieterle, P. Grannis, C. Schultz, G. Shapiro, L. Van Rossum andD. Welton:Phys. Rev.,148, 1297 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. P. Sonderegger, J. Kirz, O. Guisan, P. Falk-Vairant, C. Bruneton, P. Borgeaud, A. V. Stirling, C. Caverzasio, J. P. Guillaud, M. Yvert andB. Amblard:Phys. Lett.,20, 75 (1966);A. V. Stirling, P. Sonderegger, J. Kirz, P. Falk-Vairant, O. Guisan, C. Bruneton, P. Borgeaud, M. Yvert, J. P. Guillaud, C. Caverzasio andB. Amblard:Phys. Rev. Lett.,14, 763 (1965);I. Mannelli, A. Bigi, R. Carrara, M. Wahlig andL. Sodickson:Phys. Rev. Lett.,14, 408 (1965);J. L. Friedes, H. Palevsky, R. L. Stearns andR. J. Sutter:Phys. Rev. Lett.,15, 38 (1965);G. Manning, A. G. Parham, J. D. Jafar, H. B. van der Raay, D. H. Reading, D. G. Ryan, B. D. Jones, J. Malos andN. H. Lipman:Nuovo Cimento 41 A, 167 (1966);P. Astbury, G. Finocchiaro, A. Michelini, C. Verkerk, D. Websdale, C. H. West, W. Beusch, B. Gobbi, M. Pepin, M. A. Pouchon andE. Polgar:Phys. Lett.,16, 328 (1965):E. W. Anderson, E. J. Bleser, G. B. Collins, T. Fujii, J. Menes, F. Turkot, R. A. Carrigan jr.,R. M. Edelstein, N. C. Hien, T. J. McMahon andI. Nadelhaft:Phys. Rev. Lett.,16, 855 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. In the elastic case, the height of the forward peak is fixed by the optical theorem and the fact that total cross-sections tend to constant at large energies, a ccounts for the lack of variation with energy of\(\left( {d\sigma _{e1} /dt} \right)_{t = 0} \).

  9. For instance,\(K - p \to \bar K_0 n\) seems to exhibit a slightly larger peak that the elastic process (seeP. Astbury, G. Finocchiaro, A. Michelini, C. Verkerk, D. Websdale, C. H. West, W. Beusch, B. Gobbi, M. Pepin, M. A. Pouchon andE. Polgar:Phys. Lett.,16, 328 (1965) whereas, pn charge exchange has a much narrower peak than expected (seeJ. L. Friedes, H. Palevsky, R. L. Stearns andR. J. Sutter:Phys. Rev. Lett.,15, 38 (1965);g. Manning, A. G. Parham, J. D. Jafar, H. B. van der Raay, D. H. Reading, D. G. Ryan, B. D. Jones J. Malos andN. H. Lipman:Nuovo Cimento,41 A, 167 (1966).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. The polarization has been measured for π→π0n seeP. Sonderegger,et al.: Contribution to the Stony-Brook Conference on High-Energy Two-Body Reactions (April, 1966).

  11. E. Ferrari andF. Selleri:Nuovo Cimento,27, 1450 (1963);Suppl. Nuovo Cimento,24, 453 (1962); see alsoF. Selleri:Nuovo Cimento,42 A, 835 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. See, for instance,K. Gottfried andJ. D. Jackson:Nuovo Cimento,34, 735 (1964);L. Durand III andY. T. Chiu:Phys. Rev.,139, B 646 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. See, for instance,R. J. N. Phillips andW. Rarita:Phys. Rev.,139, B 1336 (1965);R. K. Logan:Phys. Rev. Lett.,14, 414 (1965);G. Höhler, J. Baacke, H. Schlaile andP. Sonderegger:Phys. Lett.,20, 79 (1966).

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. This view has often been expressed byS. J. Lindenbaum and the present author quite agrees with it. The validity of the Regge-pole ideas has, however, been recently vindicated byG. F. Chew andL. Van Hove at theStony-Brook Conference (April, 1966). See alsoH. Brody, R. Lanza, R. Marshall, J. Niederer, W. Selove, M. Shochet andR. Van Berg:Phys. Rev. Lett.,16, 828 (1966);L. Van Hove: CERN report 66/569/5.

  15. N. Byers andC. N. Yang:Phys. Rev.,142, 976 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Byers:High-Energy npCharge-Exchange Scattering and One-Pion Exchange, UCLA preprint;M. C. Li:Modified Byers and Yang Model in npCharge-Exchange Scattering, Institute for Advanced Study preprint. See, however,R. J. N. Phillips andG. A. Ringland:Phys. Lett.,21, 557 (1966).

  17. A. Białas andL. Van Hove:Nuovo Cimento,38, 1385 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Baker andR. Blankenbecler:Phys. Rev.,128, 415 (1962);R. C. Arnold:Phys. Rev.,136, B 1388 (1964).

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. E. Predazzi:Ann. of Phys.,36, 228 (1966);M. Luming andE. Predazzi:Nuovo Cimento,42 A, 878 (1966).

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. T. Adachi andT. Kotani:Progr. of Theor. Physics Suppl. (Extra Number), p. 316 (1965).

  21. In practice one expects these two conditions to be realized only in a first approximation in the sense that a small real (imaginary) part could be present in the diagonal (off-diagonal) elements.

  22. By saying that they are the most important, we mean that they are the only ones in which relatively large contributions coming from inelastic processes are non-trivially expressed in terms of elastic amplitudes.

  23. I am indebted to Prof.Y. Nambu for a discussion on this point.

  24. See,e.g.,P. H. Fowler andD. H. Perkins:Proc. Roy. Soc. A 278, 401 (1964).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. This difficulty is not typical of this model but is present in any theory in which the inelastic amplitudes are expressed in terms of the elastic ones.

  26. This is what is usually done in the framework of the absorptive peripheral model (see ref. (12)) See, for instance,.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. N. J. Sopkovich:Nuovo Cimento,26, 186 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. M. Jacob andG. C. Wick:Ann. of Phys.,7, 404 (1959).

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. See, for instance,J. J. Sakurai:Invariance Principles and Elementary Particles (Princeton, 1964).

  30. Remember that, according to our convention, we have consistently dropped a subscript ell and c.e. to indicate that eqs. (3.10) can be written for both the elastic and the charge-exchange amplitudes. Moreover, for a given isospin channel, one would have\(a_{l \pm }^1 = a_{l \pm }^{e1.} + \varepsilon _1 a_{l \pm }^{c.e.} \) with ε1 given by (3.5) or (3.6).

  31. For the mathematical conditions under which such an inversion is permissible, see ref. (20)T. Adachi andT. Kotani:Progr. of Theor. Physics Suppl. (Extra Number), p. 316 (1965). or Appendix B of the first paper quoted in ref. (19).E. Predazzi:Ann. of Phys.,36, 228 (1966);M. Luming andE. Predazzi:Nuovo Cimento,42 A, 878 (1966).

  32. R. Glauber:Lectures in Theoretical Physics (New York, 1958), p. 315;R. Blankenbecler andM. L. Goldberger:Phys. Rev.,126, 766 (1962).

  33. A. Erdelyi, Editor:The Bateman Manuscript Project, Higher Transcendental Functions, vol. 2 (New York, 1953), p. 64.

  34. R. Levi-Setti andE. Predazzi: to be published.

  35. This is analogous to what one often does when fitting the experimental distribution to an expansion of the type\(d\sigma /d\Omega \left( {1/p^2 } \right)\sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {{\rm A}_n \left( p \right)\left( {2n + 1} \right)P_n \left( {\cos \theta } \right)} \). In this case theA n (p) coefficients are expressed as series of the usual partial-wave amplitudes.

  36. A. Erdelyi, Editor:The Bateman Manuscript Project, Tables of Integral Transforms, vol. 2 (New York, 1953), p. 53.

  37. A. Erdelyi, Editor:The Bateman Manuscript Project, Higher Transcendental Functions, vol.1 (New York, 1953), p. 158.

  38. The above formula presents the apparent contradiction that alsoH(b,p) contributes to dσ/dΩ at θ=0. This is, however, not so, since, for θ=0, the contribution of the second term in (4.18) becomes, when integrating overb, essentially the mean value of cosu which is zero.

  39. The same remark of footnote (38) The above formula presents the apparent contradiction that alsoH(b,p) contributes to dσ/dΩ at θ=0. This is, however, not so, since, for θ=0, the contribution of the second term in (4.18) becomes, when integrating overb, essentially the mean value of cosu which is zero. applies here.

  40. Here also we make the assumption that the elastic spin-flip amplitudes\(H_{\pi ^ - p} \) and\(H_{\pi ^0 n} \) are zero. This assumption is not correct since polarization data show that\(H_{\pi ^0 n} \ne 0\). However, here, the neglecting of spin-flip amplitudes does not alter the following results while it formally simplifies the calculation.

  41. The second case, eq. (5.6), obtained by setting\(G_{\pi ^0 n} = const\) would also be obtained, with the replacementA/N(p)→n −1/2(p) had we assumed that\(G_{\pi ^ - n} = G_{\pi ^0 n} = \) all other elastic amplitudes that couple through unitarity. This can be seen from eq. (2.17).

  42. A spectral function of the form (5.7) does not allow an interpretation of the physical mechanism in terms of any exchange-type of force, whereas other types of spectral function do. SeeM. Luming andE. Predazzi: EFINS report 66-25.

  43. L. Bertocchi, S. Fubini andM. Tomin:Nuovo Cimento,25, 626 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Notice that by the same procedure used here, one could also show that there is a backward peak for the inelastic amplitude if this is present in one of the two (initial or final) elastic channels. For this proof, one would use the representations that could be derived starting from the second line of eq. (3.11).

  45. Of course, for scattering of higher-spin particles, the number of independent amplitudes increases rapidly and correspondingly more and more measurements would be needed to perform the program outlined in this paper.

  46. Notice that essentially the same result can be obtained if we start from eq. (2.14) and make the approximation that all thex i’s are nearly equal, in which case we would finally use eq. (2.17). To fit the data, one would have to assume thatn(p) has a variation with energy of the form\(n\left( p \right)\mathop \infty \limits_{D \to \infty } s\).

  47. It would be more reasonable to expect a behaviour\(\left( {A + Bs^{\frac{1}{2}} } \right)^2 \cdot d\sigma _{in} /dt_{t = 0} \mathop \sim \limits_{p \to \infty } \) const if one takes the multiplicity to grow linearly withs 1/2.

  48. It may be of some interest to note that roughly the same fluctuations with energy that are visible in Fig. 2 are actually also present in a plot of\(d\sigma /dt_{t = 0} \) for πp→πp.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Перевебено ребакцией.

Supported by the Atomic Energy Commission (Contract No.AT(11-1)-264).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Predazzi, E. A model for high-energy inelastic processes. Nuovo Cimento A (1965-1970) 48, 1014–1040 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02721625

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02721625

Keywords

Navigation