Abstract
The thin-skinned structure in the crust of the northern Tianshan piedmont is explored by an 86-km-long, NS-trending deep seismic reflection profile through the Ürümqi depression of the north margin of the Tianshan mountains. On the CDP stacking section, the first- and second-row parallel to anticlines in the north margin of the Tianshan mountains are shown on the segment to the south of the Shihezi. The detachments, corresponding to the reflection events at TWT 2.5–3.0 s and 5.5–6.0 s respectively, join the crustal deep structure to the reverse fault-fold zone. The Manas thrust extends downwards in listric shape, merges into the detachment at about TWT 2.5 s and joins to the Qingshuihe thrust. The reflection events on 5.5–6.0 s are corresponding to the main detachment, which joins the lower Manas anticline, and finally converge to the Junggar Southern Marginal Fault. A 12–14 km-thick sedimentary basin exists on the region in the north to the Shihezi. The depth of the Moho discontinuity beneath the Junggar basin is about 45 km, and increases southwards to 50 km. The crustal structure inferred from the deep seismic sounding profile and the Bouguer anomaly in the same region is consistent with the image from the deep seismic reflection profile. The seismogenic model of the 1906 Manas earthquake is related to the fault system, which consists of the Qingshuihe thrust, the detachments and the shallow Manas ramp.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cerveny V, Psencik I. 1984. SEIS83-numerical modeling of seismic wavefield in 2-D laterally varying layered structures by the ray method [A]. In: Engdahl E R ed.Documentation of Earthquake Algorithm [C]. Boulder, Colo.: World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics, 36–40.
Compilation Group forDeep Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau. 1986.Geophysical Exploration of Crust and Upper Mantle in China [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 243–244 (in Chinese).
DENG Qi-dong, FENG Xian-yue, ZHANG Pei-zhen,et al. 1996. Active reverse fault-fold zones and earthquakes along northern Tianshan, Xinjiang, China [J].Seismology and Geology,18(Suppl): 21–36.
Department of Seismic Hazard Prevention, State Seismological Bureau. 1996.Catalog of Destructive Earthquakes in the World (2150 BC-AD 1991) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 82–83 (in Chinese).
FENG Xian-yue, DENG Qi-dong, SHI Jian-bang,et al. 1991. Active tectonics of the southern and northern Tianshan and its tectonic evolution [A]. In: Editorial Board ofResearch on Active Fault eds.Research on Active Fault (1). Beijing: Seismological Press, 1–16 (in Chinese).
GU Gong-xu. 1983.Catalog of Chinese Earthquakes (1831 BC–AD 1969) [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 200–201 (in Chinese).
King G C P, Vita-Finizi C. 1981. Active folding in the Algerian earthquake of 10 October 1980 [J].Nature,292: 22–26.
LI Quan-lin, SONG Rui, CHEN Jin-biao. 1991.Summary Catalog of Chinese Earthquakes of Different Historical Periods [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 80–104 (in Chinese).
Meissner R, Wever T, Sadowiak P. 1991. Continental collisions and seismic signature [J].Geophys J Intl,105: 15–23.
Nelson K D. 1991. Deep seismic profiling and continental evolution [A]. In: Meissner R, Brown L, Durbaum H,et al eds.Continental Lithosphere: Deep Seismic Reflections (Geodynamics Series 22). Washington D.C.: American Geophysical Union, 377–382.
Sandmeier K-J, Wenzel F. 1986. Synthetic seismograms for a complex crustal model [J].Geophys Res Lett,13: 22–25.
Seismological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 1985.Compilation of seismic data in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press, 38–44 (in Chinese).
Stein R S, Yeats R S. 1988. Hidden earthquakes [J].Scientific American,260: 48–57.
Stein R S, King G C P. 1984. Seismic potential revealed by surface folding: 1983 Colinga, California, earthquake [J].Science,224: 869–872.
WANG Chun-yong, WANG Gui-mei, LIN Zhong-yang,et al. 1993. A study on fine crustal structure in Xingtai earthquake area based on deep seismic reflection profiling [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,36(3): 357–365.
WANG Chun-yong, ZHANG Xian-kang, WU Qing-ju,et al. 1994. Seismic evidence for detachment in the North China Basin [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,37(4): 611–619.
WEI Xiu-cheng. 1997.Study on Wave Theory in Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Medium and Its Application [D]: [PhD Dissertation]. Beijing: Institute of Geophysics, State Seismological Bureau, 32–44 (in Chinese).
XIE Yu-shou, CAI Mei-biao. 1986.Compilation of Historical Earthquake Data in China (Vol.4) (next book) [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 6–7 (in Chinese).
XU Xin-zhong, WANG You-xue, JIANG Ya-ming,et al. 1992. Study on crustal structure along seismic refraction profile from Koktokay of Xinjiang to Aksay of Kanshu and its tectonic division [J].Xinjiang Geology,10(2): 147–153 (in Chinese).
ZHAN Yan, ZHAO Guo-ze, TANG Ji,et al. 1999. Electric structure of the crust of the Manas earthquake area in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [J].Seismology and Geology,21(2): 159–170 (in Chinese).
ZHANG Pei-zhen, DENG Qi-dong, XU Xi-wei,et al. 1994. Blind thrust, folding earthquake, and the 1906 Manas earthquake, Xinjiang [J].Seismology and Geology,16(3): 193–203 (in Chinese).
ZHAO Jun-meng, TANG Ji, ZHANG Hai-jiang,et al. 2000. Wavelet transform and its application in data processing and interpretation of seismic reflection/refraction profile [J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,43(5): 666–676 (in Chinese).
ZHAO Wen-jin, Nelosn K D, CHE Jing-kai,et al. 1996. Deep seismic reflection in Himalaya region reveals the complexity of the crust and upper mantle structure [J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,39(5): 615–628 (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Fondation item: State Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 49734240), the China Seismological Bureau in the Project 95-04-09 and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the National 305 Project 96-915-07-03.
Contribution No. 00FE2009, Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau.
The data collection in field is assisted by the Sichuan Mountainous Oil Seismics Company.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Cy., Lou, H., Wei, Xc. et al. Crustal structure in northern margin of Tianshan mountains and seismotectonics of the 1906 manas earthquake. Acta Seimol. Sin. 14, 491–502 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02718056
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02718056