References
NCI. Cancer incidence and survival among children and adolescents: United States SEER Program 1975–1995. National Cancer Institute.
IARC. International incidence of childhood cancer, 1998 (IICC-2), vol II, IARC Scientific Publication No 144.
Meyer WH, Spunt SL. Soft tissue sarcomas of childhood. Cancer Treat Rev 2004;30:269–80.
Pappo AS, Shapiro DN, Crist WM, Maurer HM. Biology and therapy of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:2123–39.
Ruymann FB, Maddux HR, Ragab A, et al. Congenital anomalies associated with rhabdomyosarcoma: an autopsy study of 115 cases: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Committee. Med Pediatr Oncol 1988;16:33–9.
Li FP, Fraumeni JR, Mulvihill JT, et al. A cancer family syndrome in twenty-four kindreds. Cancer Res 1988;48:5358–62.
Birch JM, Hartley AL, Blair V, et al. Cancer in the families of children with soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 1990; 66:2239–48.
Bargonetti J, Manfredi JJ. Multiple roles of tumor suppressor p53. Curr Opin Oncol 2002;14:86–91.
Newton WA Jr, Gehan EA, Webber BL, et al. Classification of rhabdomyosarcomas and related sarcomas. Pathologic aspects and proposal for a new classification—an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Cancer 1995; 76:1073–85.
Coffin C. The new international rhabdomyosarcoma classification, its progenitors and considerations beyond morphology. Adv Anat Pathol 1997;4:1–16.
Loh EWJ, Scrable HJ, Livanos E, et al. Human chromosome 11 contains two different growth supresor genes for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:1755–9.
Bridge JA, Liu J, Weibolt V, et al. Novel genomic imbalances in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma revealed by comparative genomic hybridization: an Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. Genes Chromosome Cancer 2000;27:337–44.
Barr FG. Molecular genetics and pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1997;19:483–91.
Barr FG. Gene fusions involving PAX and FOX family members in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Oncogene 2001;20:5736–46.
Anderson J, Gordon A, Pritchard-Jones K, et al. Genes, chromosomes and rhabdomyosarcoma. Genes Chromosome Cancer 1999;26:275–85.
Sorensen PHB, Lynch JC, Qualman SJ, et al. PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR gene fusions are prognostic indicators in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2672–9.
Lawrence WJ, Gehan EA, Hays DM, et al. Prognostic significance of staging factors of the UICC staging system in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS II). J Clin Oncol 1987;5:46–54.
Lawrence WJ, Anderson JR, Gehan EA, Maurer H. Pretreatment TNM staging of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. Children's Cancer Study Group. Pediatric Oncology Group. Cancer 1997;80:1165–70.
Flamant F, Rodary C, Voute PA, Otten J. Primary chemotherapy in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in children: trial of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) preliminary results. Radiother Oncol 1985:3:227–36.
Flamant F, Rodary C, Rey A, et al. Treatment of non-metastatic rhabdomyosarcomas in childhood and adolescence. Results of the second study of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology MMT84. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1050–6.
Oberlin O, Rey A, Anderson J, et al. Treatment of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: survival and late effects of treatment-results of an international workshop. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:197–204.
Stewart RJ, Martelli H, Oberlin O, et al. Treatment of children with nonmetastatic paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma: results of the Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors studies (MMT 84 and MMT 89) of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:793–8.
Koscielniak E, Jurgens H, Winkler K, et al. Treatment of soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence. A report of the German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study. Cancer 1992;15:2557–67.
Koscielniak E, Harms D, Henze G, et al. Results of treatment for soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and adolescence: a final report of the German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study CWS-86. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3706–19.
Koscielniak E, Schmidt B, Knietig R, et al. Effectivity of a 32 Gy radiation dose in children with rhabdomyosarcoma: Report of the German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Studies (CWS). Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:186.
Wolden SL, Anderson JR, Crist WM, et al. Indications for radiotherapy and chemotherapy after complete resection in rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Studies I to III. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3468–75.
Crist WM, Anderson JR, Meza JL, et al. Intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study-IV: results for patients with nonmetastatic disease. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3091–102.
Raney RB, Anderson JR, Barr FG, et al. Rhabdomyosarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma in the first two decades of life: a selective review of Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group Experience and Rationale for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study V. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2001;23:215–20.
Baker KS, Anderson JR, Link MP, et al. Benefit of intensified therapy for patients with local or regional embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: results from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2427–34.
Anderson J, Raney RB, Carli M, et al. International study of characteristics and outcome of patients with primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:181.
Brenemann JC, Lyden E, Pappo AS, e al. Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma- A report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:78–84.
Horowitz ME, Etcubanas E, Christensen ML, et al. Phase II testing melphalan in children with newly diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma: a model for anticancer drug development. J Clin Oncol 1988;6:308–14.
Kung FH, Pratt CB, Vega RA, et al. Ifosfamide/etoposide combination in the treatment of recurrent malignant solid tumors of childhood. A Pediatric Oncology Group phase II Study. Cancer 1993;71:1898–903.
Sandler E, Lyden E, Ruymann F, et al. Efficacy of ifosfamide and doxorubicin given as a phase II “window” in children with newly diagnosed metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001;37:442–8.
Saylors RL, Stine KC, Sullivan J, et al. Cyclophosphamide plus topotecan in children with recurrent or refractory solid tumors. A Pediatric Oncology Group phase II Study. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:3463–9.
Carli M, Colombatti R, Oberlin O, et al. High-dose melphalan with autologous stem-cell rescue in metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2796–803.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Melcón, S.G., Codina, J.S.d.T. Rhabdomyosarcoma: present and future perspectives in diagnosis and treatment. Clin Transl Oncol 7, 35–41 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02710026
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02710026