Abstract
Advanced oxidation process (AOP) with reactor capacity of 150 L, using ultraviolet (UV) radiation and titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst, was evaluated for the destruction of toxic organic chemical, bisphenol A (BPA). TiO2 in the form of powder, was suspended as slurry in the water, as against the commonly adopted practice of immobilizing it onto a carrier material such as glass, concrete or ceramics. Adsorption of BPA by TiO2 was evaluated and was performed as a pretreatment to AOP. The combined effect of ozone with the AOP process was also studied. Applying ozone along with UV/TiO2, brought about a synergistic effect on BPA degradation. Within three hours, entire 10 ppm of BPA and the intermediate organic compounds were completely removed. The highlight of this study was the simultaneous degradation of BPA and separation of TiO2 particles from water after photocatalysis, in order to obtain reusable quality water. Separation of TiO2 particles was carried out by a unique two stage coagulation and settling process followed by submerged hollow fiber microfiltration membrane technique. With initial turbidity of 4,000 NTU, the turbidity of the final permeate water was well below 0.1 NTU. Almost complete removal of TiO2 particles was achieved. Some of the main advantages of this hybrid treatment system include, large scale treatment, complete and efficient BPA and its organic intermediates degradation; easy separation of TiO2 after treatment and reuse as it is free from chemical coagulant contaminants; reusable quality water, and the potential for continuous operation with simple process modifications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA,Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC (1998).
Armenante, P. M., Kafkewitz, D., Lewandowski, G. A. and Jou, C.-J., “Anaerobic-aerobic Treatment of Halogenated Phenolic Compounds,”Water Res.,33, 681(1999).
Bianco-Prevot, A., Vincenti, M., Bianciotto, A. and Pramauro, E., “Photocatalytic and Photolytic Transformation of Chloramben in Aqueous Solution,”Appl. Catal. B: Environ.,22, 149 (1999).
Chaing, K., Lim, T. M., Tsen, L. and Lee, C. C., “Photocatalytic Degradation and Mineralization of Bisphenol A by TiO2 and Platinized TiO2”,Appl. Catal. A: General,261, 225 (2004).
Chen, D. and Ray, A. K., “Photodegradation Kinetics of 4-Nitrophenol in TiO2 Suspension,”Wat. Res.,32, 3223 (1998).
Chun, H. D., Kim, J. S., Yoon, S. M. and Kim, C. G., “Physical Properties and Photocatalytic Performance of TiO2 Coated Stainless Steel Plate,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,18, 908 (2001).
European Commission DG ENV,Towards the Establishment of a Priority List of Substances for Further Evaluation of Their Role in Endocrine Disruption-preparation of a Candidate List of Substances as a Basis for Priority Setting, BKH Consulting Engineers (2000).
Fukahori, S., Ichiura, H., Kitaoka, T. and Tanaka, H., “Photocatalytic Decomposition of Bisphenol A in Water Using Composite TiO2-Zeolite Sheets Prepared by a PapermakingTechnique,”Environ. Sci. Technol.,37, 1048(2003).
Gogate, P. R. and Pandit, A. B., “A Review of Imperative Technologies for Wastewater Treatment I: Oxidation Technologies at Ambient Conditions,” Adv.Envtl. Res.,8, 501 (2004).
Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi, W. and Bahnemann, D. W., “Environmental Application of Semiconductor Photocatalysis,”Chem. Rev.,95, 69 (1995).
Hur, J.-S., Oh, S.-O., Lim, K.-M., Jung, J. S., Kim, J.-W. and Koh, Y.-J., “Novel Effects of TiO2 Photocatalytic Ozonation on Control of Postharvest Fungal Spoilage of Kiwifruit,”Postharvest Biology and Technolog.,35, 109 (2005).
Kagaya, S., Shimizu, K., Arai, R. and Hasegawa, K., “Separation of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalyst in its Aqueous Suspensions by Coagulation with Basic Aluminum Chloride,”Wat. Res.,33, 1753 (1999).
Kaneco, S., Rahman, M. A., Suzuki, T., Katsumata, H. and Ohta, K., “Optimization of Solar Photocatalytic Degradation Conditions of Bisphenol A in Water Using Titanium Dioxide,”J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem.,163, 419 (2004).
Lee, S.-A., Choo, K.-H., Lee, H.-I., Hyeon, T., Choi, W. and Kwon, H.-H., “Use of Ultrafiltration Membranes for the Separation of TiO2 Photocatalysts in Drinking Water Treatment,”Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,40, 1712 (2001).
Lee, J.-M., Kim, M.-S. and Kim, B.-W., “Photodegradation of Bisphenol-A with TiO2 Immobilized on the Glass Tubes Including the UV Light Lamps,”Wat. Res.,38, 3605 (2004).
Legrini, O., Oliveros, E. and Braun, A. M., “Photochemical Processes for Water Treatment,”Chem. Rev.,93, 671 (1993).
Li, Y.-S., “The Use of Waste Basic Oxygen Furnace Slugs and Hydrogen Peroxide to Degrade 4-Chlorophenol,”Waste Manage.,19(7-8), 495 (1999).
Na, Y. S., Song, S. K. and Park, Y. S., “Photocatalytic Decolorization of Rhodamine B by Immobilized TiO2/UV in a Fluidized-bed Reactor,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,22, 196 (2005).
Ohko, Y., Ando, I., Niwa, C., Tatsuma, T., Yamamura, T., Nakashima, T., Kubota, Y. and Fujishima, A., “Degradation of Bisphenol A in Water by TiO2 Photocatalyst,”Environ. Sci. Technol.,35, 2365 (2001).
Ollis, D. F.,Solar-assisted Photocatalysis for Water Purification: In.Photochemical Conversion and Storage of Solar Energy, eds E. Pelizzetti and M. Schiavello. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands (1991).
Schafer, T., Lapp, C., Hanes, C., Lewis, J., Wataha, J. and Schuster, G., “Estrogenicity of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol A DimethacrylateIn Vitro,”J. Biomed. Mater. Res.,45, 192 (1999).
Staples, C. A., Dorn, P. B., Klecka, G M., O’Block, S. T. and Harris, L. R., “A Review of the Fate, Effect, and Exposure of Bisphenol A,”Chemosphere,36, 2149 (1998).
You, Y. S., Chung, K. H., Kim, J. H. and Seo, G., “Photocatalytic Oxidation of Toluene over TiO2 Catalysts Supported on Glass Fiber,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,18, 924 (2001).
Xi, W. and Geissen, S.-U., “Separation of Titanium Dioxide from Pho tocatalytically Treated Water by Cross-flow Microfiltration,”Wat. Res.,35, 1256(2001).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Thiruvenkatachari, R., Kwon, T.O. & Moon, I.S. A total solution for simultaneous organic degradation and particle separation using photocatalytic oxidation and submerged microfiltration membrane hybrid process. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 22, 938–944 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705679
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02705679