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The reactive oxygen species network pathways: an essential prerequisite for perception of pathogen attack and the acquired disease resistance in plants

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Abstract

Availability of complete Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice(Oryza sativa) genome sequences, together with molecular recourses of functional genomics and proteomics have revolutionized our understanding of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling network mediating disease resistance in plants. So far, ROS have been associated with aging, cellular and molecular alteration in animal and plant cells. Recently, concluding evidences suggest that ROS network is essential to induce disease resistance and even to mediate resistance to multiple stresses in plants. ROS are obligatory by-products emerging as a result of normal metabolic reactions. They have the potential to be both beneficial and harmful to cellular metabolism. Their dual effects on metabolic reactions are dosage specific. In this review we focus our attention on cellular ROS level to trigger beneficial effects on plant cells responding to pathogen attack. By exploring the research related contributions coupled with data of targeted gene disruption, and RNA interference approaches, we show here that ROS are ubiquitous molecules of redox-pathways that play a crucial role in plant defence mechanism. The molecular prerequisites of ROS network to activate plant defence system in response to pathogen infections are here underlined. Bioinformatic tools are now available to scientists for high throughput analysis of cellular metabolisms. These tools are used to illustrate crucial ROS-related genes that are involved in the defence mechanism of plants. The review describes also the emerging findings of ROS network pathways to modulate multiple stress resistance in plants.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

APX:

ascorbate peroxidase

GSH:

glutathione

HR:

hypersensitive response

JA:

jasmonic acid

KO:

knowck-out

MAPKs:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

Ni-NOR:

nicotina-nitric oxide reductase

NO:

nitric oxide

NOS:

nitric oxide synthase

NR:

nitrate reductase

PAL:

phenylalanine ammonia lyase

PCD:

programmed cell death

PMPs:

peroxisomal membrane polypeptides

PR-1:

pathogenesis-related 1

RIPs:

ribosome-inactivating proteins

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SA:

salicylic acid

SAR:

systemic acquired resistance

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

tAPX:

thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase

TMV:

tobacco mosaic virus

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  1. Simeon O. Kotchoni

    Present address: Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 26506, Morgantown, WV, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Institute of Botany, Kirschallee 1, University of Bonn, D-53115, Germany

    Simeon O. Kotchoni

  2. Institute for Plant Diseases, Nussallee 9, University of Bonn, D-53115, Germany

    Emma W. Gachomo

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Correspondence to Simeon O. Kotchoni.

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Kotchoni, S.O., Gachomo, E.W. The reactive oxygen species network pathways: an essential prerequisite for perception of pathogen attack and the acquired disease resistance in plants. J. Biosci. 31, 389–404 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02704112

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02704112

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