Summary
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1.
An investigation has been made of the composition of mixtures of mono-, di-, and triglycerides formed by the reaction of hydrogenated cottonseed oil with glycerol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.
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2.
At temperatures below about 200°C., at equilibrium, and within the range of glycerol concentration in which the reaction product becomes homogeneus, the proportions of free glycerol mono-, di-, and triglycerides conform closely to a pattern of random distribution with respect to glycerol OH groups esterified. Tables are presented for the calculation of compositions on the basis of random distribution.
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3.
Products produced at temperatures above about 200°C. contain minor proportions of some compound or compounds which are high in glycerol content, but are not α-monoglycerides. There is evidence that these are probably polymerization products, asfor example, di-acid diglycerols.
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4.
An investigation has been made of the composition of reaction products whose combined glycerol content has been reduced by high-temperature steam distillation under a vacuum (deodorisation). The composition of such products does not on form to the random distribution pattern, but shows marked-deviations in the direction of increased presentages of diglycerides and decreased percentages of mono- and triglycerides. The composition of deodorized products is independent of the temperature of deodorization or of the presence or absence of the alkaline catalyst.
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5.
Determinations have been made of the maximum amounts of glycerol miscible in reaction mixtures carried to equilibrium at different temperatures.
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One of the laboratories of the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, Agricultural Research Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
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Feuge, R.O., Bailey, A.E. Modification of vegetable oils. Oil Soap 23, 259–264 (1946). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696133
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02696133