Abstract
Study of the 1.8 billion-year-old “fossil nuclear reactor” zones at the Oklo Mine in the Republic of Gabon shows that many of the elements produced by fission have been almost completely retained, as evidenced by proper budgets of stable daughter elements. Plutonium, ruthenium, the rare earth elements, zirconium, and palladium have been effectively retained while most chalcophile elements exhibit some degree of remobilization. The alkali and alkaline earth elements have migrated to varying degrees but their presence in gangue affected by younger periods of alteration suggests redistribution not far removed from sites of formation. More important, such migration may not have started until some 25,000,000 years after the reactor shut down. The noble gases xenon and krypton escaped with apparent ease during the 500,000 years the reactor was operative, and iodine seems to have been mobile.
The Oklo reactor ores, significantly, occur in shale infilled into a fracture system in organo-argillaceous sandstone. So many of the fission-produced elements retained in this shale along with evidence that most others may have been only locally redistributed lends support to considering shales in geologically stable areas for radioactive waste disposal.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartlett, J. W., J. R. Carrell, M. R. Kreiter, A. M. Platt, and J. A. Powell, 1976, Alternatives for waste isolation and disposal: Vol. 4 of Alternatives for managing wastes from reactors and post-fission operations in the LWR fuel cycle: USERDA., Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories Rpt. ERDA-76-43, p. 23.1–27.15.
Brookins, D. G., M. J. Lee, B. Mukhopadhyay, and S. L. Bolivar, 1975, Search for fission-produced Rb, Sr, Cs and Ba at Oklo:in IAEA Sym. 204, p. 401–414.
Chauvet, R. J., 1975, Description du gisement d'uranium d'Oklo:in IAEA. Sym. 204, p. 53–66.
Cowan, G. A., E. A. Bryant, W. R. Daniels, and W. J. Maeck, 1975, Some United States studies of the Oklo phenomenon:in IAEA Sym. 204, p. 341–356.
DeLaeter, J. R., and K. J. R. Rosman, 1975, Cumulative fission yields of cadmium in Oklo samples:in IAEA Sym. 204, p. 425–436.
Frejacques, C., C. Blain, C. Devillers, R. Hagemann, and J. C. Ruffenach, 1975, Conclusions tirees de l'etude de la migration des produits de fission:in IAEA Sym. 204, p. 509–526.
Havette, A., R. Naudet, and G. Slodzian, 1975, Etude par analyse ionique de la repartition et des proportions isotopiques de certains elements dans des echantillons d'Oklo:in IAEA Sym. 294, p. 463–478.
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), 1975, The Oklo phenomenon: Sym. Vol. 204, Internat. Atom. En. Agency, Vienna, 1975, 646 p.
Kharaka, Y. K., and F. A. F. Berry, 1973, Simultaneous flow of water and solutes through geological membranes I. Experimental investigations: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, V. 37, p. 2577–2604.
Lancelot, J. R., A. Vitrac, and C. J. Allegre, 1975, The Oklo natural reactor: age and evolution studies by U-Pb and Rb-Sr systmeatics: Earth Plan. Sci. Lttrs., V. 25, p. 189–196.
Maeck, W. J., F. W. Spraketes, R. L. Tromp, and J. H. Keller, 1975, Analytical results, recommended nuclear constants and suggested correlations for the evaluation of Oklo fission-produced data:in IAEA Sym. 204, p. 319–340.
Naudet, R., 1974, Summary report on the Oklo phenomenon, French CEA Report: Bull. Infor. Scien. Tech., v. 193, p. 7–85 (Eng. Trans.).
Walton, R. D., Jr., and G. A. Cowan, 1975, Relevance of nuclide migration at Oklo to the problem of geologic storage of radioactive waste:in IAEA Sym. 204, p. 499–508.
Weber, F., 1969, Une série précambrienne du Gabon: le Francevillien, sédimentologie, géochimie, relations avec les gites minéraux: Doctoral thesis, Fac. Sci., Strasbourg, 328 p.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Brookins, D.G. Shale as a repository for radioactive waste: The evidence from Oklo. Geo 1, 255–259 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676715
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02676715