Abstract
Experiments were performed to observe the deformation characteristics of oxygen-free high-conductivity (OFHC) copper at high strain rates (up to 40,000 s−1) and to relate differenc in grain size with differences in deformation behavior. The rod impact and torsional Hopkinson bar test methods were used in these experiments. Results show that grain size reductions substantially reduce surface irregularities that develop during deformation. The effect of grain size on the yield stress and on the strain-hardening behavior of copper is small and is similar to the effect of grain size in copper at quasistatic strain rates. The observation that grain size has a substantial effect on surface irregularities may have important implications for applications in which stable deformation of thin sections is of concern.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G.B. Olson, J.F. Mescall, and M. Azrin: inShock Waves and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Metals, M.A. Meyers and L.E. Murr, eds., Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1981, pp. 221–48.
R.S. Culver: inMetallurgical Effects at High Strain Rates, R.W. Rohde, B.M. Butcher, J.R. Holland, and C.H. Karnes, eds., Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1973, pp. 519–30.
H.C. Rogers:Annu.. Rev. Mater. Sci., 1979, vol. 9, pp. 283–311.
M.R. Staker:Acta Metall., 1981, vol. 29, pp. 683–89.
S.L. Semiatin, M.R. Staker, and J.J. Jonas:Acta Metall., 1984, vol. 32 (9), pp. 1347–54.
A. Lichtenberger, M. Scharf, and A. Bohmann:Influence of the Structural and Metallurgical State of a Liner on the Performance of a Shaped Charge, French-German Research Institute Saint-Louis (ISL) Report No. CO 218/81, Sept. 1981.
K.A. Hartley, J. Duffy, and R.H. Hanley: inMetals Handbook, 9th ed., 1985, vol. 8, pp. 218–28.
C.G. Schmidt, R.D. Caligiuri, J.H. Giovanola, and D.C. Erlich:The Role of Fine-Grain Microstructures in Promoting Stable Deformation at Very High Strain Rates in Zn-22 Al Alloy and Ultrahigh Carbon Steel, Final Report, DARPA/MICOM Contract No. DAAH01-84-C-0155, Mar. 1985.
A.P. Green:J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1954, vol. 2, pp. 197–211.
G.I. Taylor:Proc. R. Soc, 1948, vol. A194, pp. 229–99.
D.C. Erlich: inMetals Handbook, 9th ed., 1985, vol. 8, pp. 203–07.
L. Seaman, T. Cooper, and D.C. Erlich:User’s Manual for C-HEMP, a Two-Dimensional Wave Propagation Code, Final Report, BRL Contract DAAK11~83~R~0105, Sept. 1984.
F.J. Zerilli and R.W. Armstrong:J. Appl. Phys., 1987, vol. 61 (5), pp. 1816–25.
G.R. Johnson and W.H. Cook:Proc. 7th Int. Symp. on Ballistics, The Hague, The Netherlands, 1983, p. 541.
G.R. Johnson and T.J. Holmquist:J. Appl. Phys., 1988, vol. 64 (8), pp. 3901–10.
R. Armstrong, I. Codd, R.M. Douthwaite, and N.J. Petch:Phil. Mag., 1962, vol. 7 (73), p. 45.
T.G. Shawki and R.J. Clifton:Mech. Mater., 1989, vol. 8 (1), pp. 13–43.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schmidt, C.G., Caligiuri, R.D., Giovanola, J.H. et al. Effect of grain size on high strain rate deformation of copper. Metall Trans A 22, 2349–2357 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665001
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665001