Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Thermomechanical treatment of high purity 6061 aluminum

  • Mechanical Behavior
  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of combined deformation and aging on the subsequent mechanical response of high purity 6061 aluminum have been examined. It has been shown that the yield strength of this material can be increased by an appropriate choice of thermomechanical treatment. Furthermore, this increase need not be accompanied by a reduction in the notch toughness below that typically observed in a commercially available alloy. The procedure requires that the alloy be processed to obtain a uniformly tangled dislocation structure. Subsequent aging results in enhanced nucleation and growth of the primary strengthening phase, an intermediate needle-shaped precipitate. This practice involves a four-step age-deform cycle with a total aging time of 4 h at 448 K and a total reduction of 50 pct.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Hunsicker: “Metallurgy of Heat Treatment”,Aluminum, vol. 1, ASM, Metals Park, Ohio, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  2. E. A. Starke, Jr.:J. Metals, 1970, vol. 22, pp. 54–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. J. McEvily, Jr., J. B. Clark, and A. P. Bond:Trans. ASM, 1967, vol. 60, pp. 661–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Conserva, M. Buratti, E. Di Russo, and F. Gatto:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1973, vol. 11 pp. 103–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. E. Di Russo, M. Conserva, F. Gatto, and H. Markus:Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 1133–44.

    Google Scholar 

  6. E. Di Russo, M. Conserva, M. Burati, and F. Gatto:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1974, vol. 14, pp. 23–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. J. Waldman, H. Sulinski, and H. Markus:Met. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 573–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Ostermann: AFML-TR-71-121, September, 1971.

  9. F. Ostermann:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 2897–902.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. V. S. Iranova: Conference on Fatigue of Materials, p. 215, Moscow, 1966.

  11. H. A. Lipsett and C. M. Sargent:Proc. Second Inter. Conf. on the Strength of Metals and Alloys, p. 937, ASM, 1970.

  12. S. Pattanaik, V. Srinivasan, and M. L. Bhatia,Scr. Met., 1972, vol. 6, pp. 191–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. D. S. Thompson, S. A. Levy, and D. K. Benson:Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on the Strength of Metals and Alloys, p. 119, Institute of Metals, 1973.

  14. A. W. Sommer, N. E. Paton, and D. G. Folgner: AFML-TR-72-5, Wright Patterson AFB, 1972.

  15. N. E. Paton and A. W. Sommer:Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on the Strength of Metals and Alloys, p. 101, Institute of Metals, 1973.

  16. W. H. Reimann and P. W. Brisbane:Eng. Fract. Mech., 1973, vol. 5, pp. 67–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. J. C. Bendedyk:Light Metal Age, 1968, vol. 26, pp. 10–12.

    Google Scholar 

  18. M. Kh. Rabinovich:Termomekhanischeskaya Obrabotka Alyuminiyevykh Splavov, pp. 1–161, 1972.

  19. V. I. Nikikin:Izv. Vyssh. Ucheb. Zaved. Tsvet. Met., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 156–59.

    Google Scholar 

  20. M. M. Shteyunberg, M. A. Smirnov, N. T. Kareva, S. N. Anan'in, G. E. Gol'dbukht, and A. M. Tolstov:Netal. Term. Obrat. Met., 1973, vol. 8, pp. 26–29.

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. A. Tavassoli:Metal Sci., 1974, vol. 8, pp. 424–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. H. J. Rack and F. Greulich: Unpublished research, Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, N.M., 1975.

  23. W. A. Backofen:Deformation Processing, chapt. 5 and 8, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, Mass., 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  24. J. G. Kaufman and M. Holt: ALCOA Report No. 18, 1965.

  25. J. P. Tanaka, C. A. Pampillo, and J. R. Low: ASTM STP 463, p. 191, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa. 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. N. Singh and M. C. Flemings:Trans. TMS-AIME, 1969, vol. 245, pp. 1811–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. H. Mulherin and H. Rosenthal:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 427–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. D. S. Thompson and S. A. Levy: AFML-TR-70-171, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 1970.

  29. J. A. Nock, Jr. and H. Y. Hunsicker:J. Metals, 1963, vol. 15, pp. 216–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. C. J. Peel, R. N. Wilson, and P. J. E. Forsyth:Metal Sci. J., 1972, vol. 6, pp. 102–06.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. P. N. T. Uhurn and G. C. Smith:J. Inst. Metals, 1969, vol. 97, pp. 299–310.

    Google Scholar 

  32. C. J. Peel and P. J. E. Forsyth:Metal Sci. J., 1973, vol. 7, pp. 121–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. B. J. Dunwoody, D. M. Moore, and A. T. Thomas:J. Inst. Metals, 1973, vol. 101, pp. 172–75.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Broek:Eng. Fract. Mech., 1973, vol. 5, pp. 55–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. D. Broek: NLR-TR-71021V, National Aerospace Laboratory, The Netherlands, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  36. G. T. Hahn and A. R. Rosenfield:Third Int. Conf. Fracture, Paper PL-III-211, Munich, 1973.

  37. G. T. Hahn and A. R. Rosenfield:Met. Trans. A, 1975, vol. 6A, pp. 653–68.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. R. H. Van Stone, R. H. Merchant, and J. R. Low: ASTM STP 556, p. 93, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa. 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. Lutts:Acta Met., 1961, vol. 9, pp. 557–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. G. Thomas:J. Inst. Metals, 1961, vol. 90, pp. 57–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. D. W. Pashley, J. W. Rhodes, and A. Sendorek:J. Inst. Metals., 1966, vol. 94, pp. 41–49.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. D. W. Pasley, M. Y. Jacobs, and J. T. Vietz:Phil. Mag., 1967, vol. 16, pp. 51–76.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Y. Murakami, O. Kawano, S. Komatsu, T. Ohnishi, and T. Nakazawa:Trans. JIM, 1968, vol. 9, pp. 349–54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. G. C. Weatherly and R. B. Nicholson:Phil. Mag., 1968, vol. 17, pp. 801–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Y. Murakami, S. Komatsu, and T. Onishi:Mem. Fac. Eng. Kyoto Univ., 1969, vol. 31, pp. 130–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. E. Kovacs-Csetenyi, C. R. Vassel, and I. Kovacs:Krist. Tech., 1969, vol. 4, pp. 83–89.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. C. Brichet, G. Wyon, and P. Lacombe:Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., 1970, vol. 67, pp. 691–705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. Moulin, R. Develay, and D. Adenis:Rev. Alum., 1970, pp. 70–84.

  49. S. Ceresara, E. Di Russo, P. Fiorini, and A. Giarda:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1970, vol. 5, pp. 220–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. I. Kovacs, J. Lendvai, and E. Nagy:Fizika, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 37.1–37.7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. E. Ozawa and H. Kimura:Acta Met., 1970, vol. 18, pp. 995–1004.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. A. Cziraki, I. Kovacs, and E. Nagy:Phys. Status Solidi, 1971, vol. 7A, pp. 245–49.

    Google Scholar 

  53. E. Ozawa and H. Kimura:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1971, vol. 8, pp. 327–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. M. Leroy, J. P. Miraille, and C. Brichet:Scr. Met., 1971, vol. 5, pp. 1111–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. J. Lendavi, I. Kovacs, and E. Nagy:Phys. Status Solidi, 1972, vol. 14A, pp. 83–89.

    Google Scholar 

  56. I. Kovacs, J. Lendvai, and E. Nagy:Acta Met. 1972, vol. 20, pp. 975–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. M. H. Jacobs:Phil. Mag., 1972, vol. 26, pp. 1–13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. T. Hitata and S. Matsuo:Trans. JIM, 1972, vol. 13, pp. 231–37.

    Google Scholar 

  59. R. C. Dorward:Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 507–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. W. F. Smith:Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 2435–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. H. El Sayed and I. Kovacs:Phys. Status Solidi, 1974, vol. 24A, pp. 123–30.

    Google Scholar 

  62. J. Lendval, T. Ungar, and I. Kovacs:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1974, vol. 16, pp. 85–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. B. Yoshio and T. Akira:J. Jap. Inst Light Metals, 1969, vol. 19, pp. 90–98.

    Google Scholar 

  64. O. Noboru, S. Muneaki, and T. Yo:J. Jap. Inst. Light Metals, 1969, vol. 19, pp. 41–46.

    Google Scholar 

  65. E. Korngiebel, H. Loffler, and W. Oettel:Phys. Status Solidi, 1975, vol. 30A, pp. K125–27.

    Google Scholar 

  66. I. Kovacs, J. Lendvai, and T. Ungar:Aluminum, 1974, vol. 50, pp. 578–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. K. Entwistle and G. W. Lorimer:Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., 1974, vol. 71, pp. 743–45.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. G. Thomas and N. K. Srinivasan:Scr. Met., 1974, vol. 8, pp. 1163–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. D. Munz:Scr. Met., 1974, vol. 8, pp. 393–400.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. P. G. McCormick:Acta Met., 1971, vol. 19, pp. 464–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. P. G. McCormick:Scr. Met., 1970, vol. 4, pp. 221–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. P. G. McCormick:Phil. Mag., 1971, vol. 23, pp. 949–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. P. G. McCormick:Scr. Met., 1972, vol. 6, pp. 165–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. G. Thomas and N. K. Srinivasan:Scr. Met., 1973, vol. 7, pp. 205–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. P. R. Cetlin, A. S. Gulec, and R. E. Reed-Hill:Met. Trans., 1973, vol. 4, pp. 513–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. R. E. Reed-Hill and A. S. Gulec:Met. Trans. A, vol. 6A, pp. 461–66.

  77. P. G. McCormick:Acta Met., 1973, vol. 71, pp. 489–94.

    Google Scholar 

  78. K. Welpmann, G. Leutering, and W. Punk:Aluminum 1974, vol. 50, pp. 263–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sandia Laboratories, 87115, Albuquerque, NM

    H. J. Rack (Member of Technical Staff)

  2. Hockwell International-Rocky Flats Division, Golden, CO

    R. W. Krenzer (Research Specialist)

Authors
  1. H. J. Rack
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. W. Krenzer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Rack, H.J., Krenzer, R.W. Thermomechanical treatment of high purity 6061 aluminum. Metall Trans A 8, 335–346 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661648

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02661648

Keywords

Search

Navigation