Abstract
The development of grain-refining techniques for the casting of aluminum, and the results achieved using additions of ternary Al-Ti-B master-alloys, are briefly described. A test procedure is given for assessing the relative effectiveness of these master-alloys, and the results are related to the various kinds of alloy treated, including those with constituents which “poison” the grain-refining agent. The equilibrium conditions which affect the behavior of the constituents of the grain-refined alloys are examined quantitatively from a thermodynamic viewpoint. One theory about the mechanism of nucleation of aluminum on titanium diboride is examined and found inapplicable. New data on the solubility of TiB2, ZrB2, TiC, ZrC, Cr3C2, CrB2 in liquid aluminum are presented graphically. Practical aspects of alloy behavior in grain-refining practice are analyzed and discussed on the basis of the quantitative data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. Cibula:J. Inst. Metals, 1949-50, vol. 76, pp. 321–60.
J. Moriceau:Rev. Alum., 1972, vol. 12, pp. 977–88.
J. A. Marcantonio and L. F. Mondolfo:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 465–71.
L. Backerud:Jernkont. Ann., 1971, vol. 155, pp. 422–24.
W. L. Fink and L. A. Willey:Metals Handbook, pp. 1155, 1167, American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Novelty, Ohio, 1948.
(a) M. Hansen and K. Anderko:Constitution of Binary Alloys (2nd Ed.) pp. 71,82, 140, 153; (b)R. P. Elliott: M (1st Supplement), 1965, pp. 27, 33, 60; (c) F. A. Shunk: Id. (2nd Supplement), 1969, pp. 18, 21.
I. Maxwell and A. Hellawell:Met. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 1487–93.
N. J. Finch:Met. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 2709–11.
A. Cibula:Met. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 751–53.
G. W. Delamore and R. W. Smith:Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 1733–38.
J. Cisse, G. F. Boiling, and H. W. Kerr:J. Crystal Growth, 1972, vol. 13/14, pp. 777–81.
A. J. Cornish:Met. Sci., 1975, vol. 9(10), pp. 477–84.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jones, G.P., Pearson, J. Factors affecting the grain-refinement of aluminum using titanium and boron additives. Metall Trans B 7, 223–234 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02654921
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02654921