Abstract
The use of cadmium telluride is limited by the occurrence of twins in the material. Mechanical deformation experiments and studies of the growth interface suggest that these arise through growth accidents occurring on the liquid-solid inter-face rather than by mechanical deformation of the solidified ingot. The incidence of twinning is found to be higher in Czochralski-grownmaterial than that grown by other techniques and there is a consequent reduction in grain-size due to the formation of incoherent boundaries at twin intersections. From comparisons with other II-VI and III-V compounds it is concluded that the twinning is an intrinsic feature of the CdTe chemical bond structure and can only be totally elimina-ted by changing the ionicity of the material. Nevertheless, the twin density can be reduced by the use of low growth rates and the avoidance of interface perturbations.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.G. Wilkes, Proc. Inst. Elect. Engrs.B106, 866 (1959).
K.F. Hulme and J.B. Mullin, Solid-State Electron5, 211 (1962).
J.B. Mullin, “Compound Semiconductors”, Vol. 1, Eds. R.K. Willardson and H.L. Goering, Rheinhold Publish- ing Co. New York p.365 (1962).
H.C. Gatos, P.L. Moody and M.C. Lavine, J.Appl. Phys.31, 212 (1960).
A.T. Churchman, G.A. Geach and J. Winton, Proc. Roy. Soc. A238, 194 (1956).
R.L. Fullman and J.C. Fisher, J.Appl. Phys.22, 1350 (1951).
M.A. Meyers and L.E. Murr, Acta Metall.26, 951 (1978).
J. Gastaldi and C. Jourdan, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)52 139 (1979).
J.B. Mullin, C.A. Jones, B.W. Straughan and A. Royle, J.Cryst. Growth.59, 135 (1982).
P.J. Gillbanks, RSRE Technical Memorandum (1981).
E.L. Hall and J.B. Van der Sande, J.Amer. Ceram. Soc.61, 417 (1978).
S. Cole, to be published in J.Cryst. Growth.
H. Alexander and P. Haasan, Solid State Phys.22, 27, (1969). Eds. F. Seitz and D. Turnbill.
J. Vandeberkhof, “Proc. Int. Symp. on CdTe”, CNRS Strasbourg 1971, Eds. P. Siffert and A. Cornet.
W.G. Burgers, “The Art and Science of Growing Crystals”, Ed. J.J. Gilman, Wiley. New York, 433 (1963).
H. Gottschalk, G. Palzer and H. Alexander, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a)45, 207 (1978).
E.L. Hall and J.B. Van der Sande, Phil. Mag.A37 137 (1978).
J.C. Phillips, “Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors”, Academic Press, New York, 1973.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vere, A.W., Cole, S. & Williams, D.J. The origins of twinning in cdTe. J. Electron. Mater. 12, 551–561 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650863
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02650863