Abstract
The effect of mechanical alloying (MA) on solid solubility extension, nanostructure formation, amorphization, intermetallic compound formation, and the occurrence of a face-centered cubic (fcc) phase in the Nb-Al system has been studied. Solid solubility extension was observed in both the terminal compositions and intermetallic compounds: 15 pct Nb in Al and 60 pct Al in Nb, well beyond the equilibrium and even rapid solidification levels (2.4 pct Nb and 25 pct Al, respectively) and increased homogeneity range for the NbAl3 phase. Nanostructured grains formed in all compositions. In the central part of the phase diagram, amorphization occurred predominantly. Only NbAl3, the most stable intermetallic, formed during MA; in most cases, a subsequent anneal was required. On long milling time, an fcc phase, probably a nitride, formed as a result of contamination from the ambient atmosphere.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T.B. Massalski:Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1990.
V.M. Glazov, G.A. Lazarov, and G.A. Korolkov:Metall. Term. Obrab. Met., 1959, vol. 10, p. 48.
J.S. Benjamin:Metall. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 2943–51.
C.C. Koch: inProcessing of Metals and Alloys, vol. 15, Materials Science and Technology—A Comprehensive Treatment, R.W. Cahn, ed., VCH, Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany, 1991, pp. 193–245.
F.H. Froes, C. Suryanarayana, K.C. Russell, and C.G. Li:Int. J. Mechanochem. Mech. Alloying, 1994, vol. 1, pp. 112–24.
P.H. Shingu: inProcessing Materials for Properties, H. Henein and T. Oki, eds., TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1993, pp. 1275–80.
C. Suryanarayana and F.H. Froes:Mater. Sci. Forum, 1992, vols. 88-90, pp. 445–52.
C.C. Koch:Nanostr. Mater., 1993, vol. 2, pp. 109–29.
D. Oleszak, M. Burzynska-Szyszko, and H. Matyja:J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1993, vol. 12, pp. 3–5.
M.J. Tracy and J.R. Groza:Nanostr. Mater., 1992, vol. 1, pp. 369–78.
J.R. Groza and M.J. Tracy: inMechanical Alloying for Structural Applications, J.J. deBarbadillo, F.H. Froes, and R. Schwarz, eds., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 327–34.
E. Hellstern, L. Schultz, R. Bormann, and D. Lee:Appl. Phys. Lett., 1988, vol. 53, pp. 1399–1401.
D.K. Kim and K. Okazaki:Mater. Sci. Forum, 1992, vols. 88-90, pp. 553–60.
K. Isonishi and K. Okazaki:J. Mater. Sci., 1993, vol. 28, pp. 3829–34.
S. Kawanishi, K. Isonishi, and K. Okazaki:Mater. Trans. JIM, 1993, vol. 34, pp. 49–53.
Z. Peng, C. Suryanarayana, and F.H. Froes:Scripta Metall. Mater., 1992, vol. 27, pp. 475–80.
C. Suryanarayana, E. Zhou, Z. Peng, and F.H. Froes:Scripta Metall. Mater., 1994, vol. 30, pp. 781–85.
K. Okazaki: inAdvanced Synthesis of Engineered Structural Materials, J.J. Moore, E.J. Lavernia, and F.H. Froes, eds., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 197–204.
T. Kaneyoshi, T. Takahashi, Y. Hayashi, and M. Motoyama: inAdvances in Powder Metallurgy and Paniculate Materials—1992, J.M. Capus and R.M. German, eds., Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1992, vol. 7, pp. 421–29.
J.M. Larson, T.S. Luhman, and H.F. Merrick: inManufacture of Superconducting Materials, R.W. Meyerhoff, ed., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1977, pp. 155–63.
M. Oehring and R. Bormann:Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1991, vol. 134, pp. 1330–33.
M. Oehring and R. Bormann:J. Phys., 1990, vol. 51 (4), pp. 169–74.
D.K. Mukhopadhyay, C. Suryanarayana, and F.H. Froes:1995 Int. Conf. on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, M. Phillips and J. Porter, eds., Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1995, in press.
Z. Peng, C. Suryanarayana, and F.H. Froes: inMechanical Alloying for Structural Applications, J.J. deBarbadillo, F.H. Froes, and R. Schwarz, eds., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 335–41.
B.D. Cullity:Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, Addison-Wesley Co., Inc., Reading, MA, 1978.
S.K. Pradhan, T. Chakraborty, S.P. Sen Gupta, C. Suryanarayana, A. Frefer, and F.H. Froes:Nanostr. Mater., 1995, vol. 5, pp. 53–61.
G.H. Chen, C. Suryanarayana, and F.H. Froes:Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1995, vol. 26A, pp. 1379–87.
S. Singh, S. Lele, and C. Suryanarayana:Mater. Sci. Technol., 1986, vol. 2, pp. 788–94.
R.B. Schwarz, R.R. Petrich, and C.K. Saw:J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1985, vol. 76, pp. 281–302.
H. Jones:Rapid Solidification of Metals and Alloys, Monograph No. 8, The Institute of Metallurgists, London, 1982.
H.X. Sui, M. Zhu, M. Qi, G.B. Li, and D.Z. Yang:J. Appl. Phys., 1992, vol. 71, pp. 2945–49.
A.Ye. Yermakov, Ye.Ye. Yurchikov, and V.A. Barinov:Phys. Met. Metall., 1981, vol. 52 (6), pp. 50–58.
A.W. Weeber and H. Bakker:Physica B, 1988, vol. 153, pp. 93–135.
C. Suryanarayana, Wenkai Li, and F.H. Froes:Scripta Metall. Mater., 1994, vol. 31, pp. 1465–70.
W.L. Bragg and E.J. Williams:Proc. R. Soc., 1935, vol. 151A, p. 540.
R. Pretorius, T.K. Marais, and C.C. Theron:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1993, vol. R10, pp. 1–83.
K. Sato, K. Ishizaki, G.H. Chen, A. Frefer, C. Suryanarayana, and F.H. Froes: inAdvanced Synthesis of Engineered Structural Materials, J.J. Moore, F.H. Froes, and E. Lavernia, eds., ASM INTERNATIONAL, Materials Park, OH, 1993, pp. 221–25.
C. Suryanarayana:Intermetallics, 1995, vol. 3, pp. 153–60.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peng, Z., Suryanarayana, C. & Froes, F.H.(. Mechanical alloying of nb-al powders. Metall Mater Trans A 27, 41–48 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647745
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02647745