Elastic-plastic fracture by homogeneous microvoid coalescence tearing along alternating shear planes

Abstract

Mating fracture surfaces developed by slow cracking in salt water and rapid overload fracture were studied by replication and scanning electron microscopy to determine the formation mechanism of the periodic ridges and valleys (“zigzag” fracture) characteristic of surfaces in materials which separate by homogeneous microvoid coalescence. The most significant findings are: 1) The apex of each ridge, which consists of a rim of tear dimples, is sharply defined; while by contrast the bottom of each mating valley is gently rounded, as the mating tear dimples have been severely elongated to form an extensive stretch zone, the back edge of which mates with the peak of the ridge. Thus it appears that this form of fracture is a continuous process in that a moving crack front is maintained, even though the plane of the crack changes orientation with crack length. The crack advances along the first plane inclined to the macroscopic Mode I fracture plane, is then interrupted by a forward stretching step, which is followed by cracking along the second inclined plane. A rationale for this behavior is presented in terms of a simple tension-compression model within a constrained plastic zone. 2) Elongated dimples on each incline are of two types, tear and shear, with the former clearly dominating. This observation implies a strain gradient in the process zone near the crack tip, with the point of maximum strain located at the crack tip. The photomicrographs support a model involving tearing along alternating shear planes.