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Removal of fatty soils from cotton in aqueous detergent systems

  • Technical
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society

Abstract

A gravimetric method for studying the factors involved in removing fatty soils from cotton in aqueous detergent systems is described, and comparative data are given for removal of lanolin, lard, sebum, and hydrocarbon soils from cotton. Comparisons are made for a number of surfactants used in detergent formulations and effects of various builders are noted. Effects of some of the parameters of the wash bath such as detergent concentration, water temperature, and wash time are discussed. It is thereby demonstrated that:

  1. 1.

    Maximum fatty soil removal is attained from cotton in 5 min or less at 120F with 0.25% of a good detergent.

  2. 2.

    A group of six representative anionic and nonionic surfactants vary considerably in their ability to remove sebum from cotton.

  3. 3.

    In general, the relative ability of a detergent system to remove one fatty soil applies to other fatty soils also.

  4. 4.

    The most effective inorganic salts for removing sebum were sodium tripolyphosphate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.

  5. 5.

    The most effective active-builder combinations tested were built with sodium tripolyphosphate.

  6. 6.

    The improvement in fatty soil removal from cotton produced by building surfactants with inorganic salts was an additive or less than additive affect for the nonionics tested. With the anionies a few synergistic effects were noted. These effects were probably due to the inorganic salts lowering the CMC or increasing the size of the micelle.

  7. 7.

    Emulsification is probably an important mechanism in removing sebum from cotton.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Whirlpool Corp. Research Laboratories, St. Joseph, Michigan

    W. C. Powe

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  1. W. C. Powe
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Powe, W.C. Removal of fatty soils from cotton in aqueous detergent systems. J Am Oil Chem Soc 40, 290–294 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633695

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633695

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