Skip to main content
Log in

The determination of polymers in fats and oils

  • Technical
  • Symposium on Methodology of Fats and Oils Conducted by the American Oil Chemists' Society at Its 53rd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana May 8–9, 1962
  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society

Abstract

Fats and fatty acids are polymerized by oxidative or thermal processes. Structures have been deduced by using a number of chemical and physical techniques. General methods applicable to the analysis of polymerized oils include determinations of acetone number, iodine value (I.V.), molecular weight, dielectric constant, viscosity, and refractive index. Monomers, dimers, and trimers are separated generally by molecular distillation. In addition, urea fractionation and a number of chromatographic techniques are useful for the detection of monomers, dimers, and polymers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Newman, A. A., Food Manuf. (London),33, 374; 422 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Perkins, E. G., Food Technol.,14, 508 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Sonntag, N. O. V., in “Fatty Acids, Their Chemistry Properties and Uses,” editor, K. S. Markley, Interscience Publishers, New York, N. Y., Part 2, 1961, p. 1043.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Privett, O. S., JAOCS,36, 507 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Bradley, T. F., and H. F. Pfann, Ind. Eng. Chem.,32, 694 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bradley, T. F., and W. B. Johnston,Ibid., 32, 802 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bradley, T. F., and W. B. Johnston,Ibid. 33, 86 (1941).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Paschke, R. F., and D. H. Wheeler, JAOCS,26, 278 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Paschke, R. F., J. E. Jackson, and D. H. Wheeler, Ind. Eng. Chem.,44, 1113 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Chin, C., J. Chem. Soc. Japan,53, 281 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Clingman, A. L., D. E. A. Rivett, and D. A. Sutton, J. Chem. Soc. (London), 1088 (1954).

  12. Waterman, H. I., J. P. Cordia, and B. Pennekamp, Research (London),2, 483 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Waterman, H. I., C. J. Kips, and J. Van Steenis,Ibid. (London),4, 96 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Boelhouwer, C., and H. L. Waterman,Ibid., (London),4, 245 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Boelhouwer, C., A. C. Hol, and H. I. Waterman,Ibid. (London),5, 336 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Boelhouwer, C., L. T. Tien, and H. I. Waterman,Ibid.,, (London),6, 55 S (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sutherland, E., J. Oil Colour Chemists' Assoc.,28, 137 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Norton, K. B., D. E. A. Rivett, and D. A. Sutton, Chem. and Ind. (London), 1452 (1961).

  19. Mehta, T. N., and S. A. Sharma, JAOCS,34, 448 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rossman, E., Fettchem. Umschan,40, 117 (1933).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Paschke, R. F., and D. H. Wheeler, JAOCS,32, 473 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rivett, D. E. A.,Ibid., 33, 635 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. MacDonald, J. A.,Ibid.,,33, 394 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. McInnes, A. G., E. P. Cooper, and J. A. MacDonald, Can. J. Chem.,39, 1906 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cristol, S. J., and N. L. Hause, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,74, 2193 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Holman, R. T., in “Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids,” Academic Press, New York, N.Y., Vol. II, 1954, p. 51.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Chang, S. S., and F. A. Kummerow, JAOCS,30, 403 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Williamson, L., J. Appl. Chem. (London),3, 301 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Frankel, E. N., C. D. Evans, and J. C. Cowan, JAOCS,37, 418 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Perkins, E. G., and F. A. Kummerow,Ibid.,,36, 371 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Firestone, D., W. Horwitz, L. Friedman, and G. M. Shue,Ibid.,,38, 253 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Mehlenbacher, V. C., “The Analysis of Fats and Oils,” The Garrard Press, Champaign, Illinois, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Link, W. E., JAOCS,36, 477 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. O'Hare, G. A., P. S. Hess, and A. F. Kopacki,Ibid.,,26, 484 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Täufel, K., Cl, Franzke, and H. Hoppe Deut. Lebensm. Rundschau,54, 245 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sims, R. P. A., JAOCS,34, 466 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Sims, R. P. A. Ind. Eng. Chem.,47, 1049 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Flory, P. J., J. Am Chem. Soc.,62, 1057 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bernstein, I. M., J. Phys. and Colloid Chem.,52, 613 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Paschke, R. F., and D. H. Wheeler, JAOCS,31, 208 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Walker, F. T., T. Mackay, and K. B. Taylor, J. Oil and Colour Chemists' Assoc.,36, 667 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Lück, H., E. Rickerl, and A. Pavlik, Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel,64, 239 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Donnelly, T. H., J. Phys. Chem.,64, 1830 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. McQuillen, T., and F. N. Woodward, J. Oil and Colour Chemists' Assoc.,23, 8 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Privett, O. S., W. D. McFarlane, and J. H. Gass, JAOCS,24, 204 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Mehta, T. N., and S. A. Sharma,Ibid., 33, 38 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Bernstein, I. M., J. Oil and Colour Chemists' Assoc.,32, 447 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kaufmann, H. P., J. Budwig, and C. W. Schmidt, Fette u. Seifen,53, 408 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Deutschen Gesellschaft für Fettwissenschaft e.V. (DGF), Münster, Westf., Germany, 1950, Method C.VI (53).

  50. AOCS, “Official and Tentative Methods,” 2nd ed., rev. to 1961. Chicago, 1946–61, Method Ka 11-55.

  51. Langmuir, I., Phys. Rev.30, 201 (1927).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Burrows G., “Molecular Distillation,” Oxford University Press, London, 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Weissberger, A., “Technique of Organic Chemistry, Vol. IV, Distillation,” Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Carney, T. D., “Laboratory Fractional Distillation,” The MacMillan Co., New York, 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Hickman, K., Anal. Chem.,21, 638 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Rushman, D. F., and E. M. G. Simpson, J. Oil and Colour Chemists' Assoc.,37, 319 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Booy, H., and H. I. Waterman, Anal. Chim. Acta,3, 440 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Sims, R. P. A., Vacuum,2, 245 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Paschke, R. F., J. R. Kerns, and D. H. Wheeler, JAOCS,31, 5 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Cowan, J. C., L. B. Falkenberg, and H. M. Teeter, Anal. Ed., Ind. Eng. Chem.,16, 90 (1944).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Crampton, E. W., R. H. Common, F. A. Farmer, A. F. Wells, and D. Crawford, J. Nutrition,49, 333 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Wells, A. F., and R. H. Common, J. Sci. Food Agri.,4, 233 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Firestone, D., S. Nesheim, and W. Hurwitz, J. Assoc. Offic. Agric. Chemists,44, 465 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Frankel, E. N., C. D. Evans, H. A. Moser, D. G. McConnell, and J. C. Cowan, JAOCS,38, 130 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Rost, H. E., Fette, Seifen, Anstrichmittel,64, 427 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kaufmann, H. P., and W. H. Nitsch,Ibid., 56, 154 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Mangold, H. K., JAOCS,38, 708 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Nesheim, S. unpublished experiments, 1961.

  69. Vandem Heuvel, W. J. A., C. C. Sweeley, and E. C. Horning, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,32, 3481 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Huebner, V. R., JAOCS,38, 628 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

About this article

Cite this article

Firestone, D. The determination of polymers in fats and oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 40, 247–255 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632670

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02632670

Keywords

Navigation