References
American College of Physicians. Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:624–6.
Bowman MA, Pearle DL. Changes in drug prescribing patterns related to commercial company funding of continuing medical education. J Cont Educ Health Profes. 1988;8:13–20.
Chren M-M, Landefeld S, Murray TH. Doctors, drug companies, and gifts. JAMA. 1989;262:3448–51.
Goldstein JH. Of mugs and marketing. JAMA. 1991;265:2391–2.
Lurie N, Rich EC, Simpson DE, et al. Pharmaceutical representatives in academic medical centers: interaction with faculty and housestaff. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:240–3.
Margolis LH. The ethics of accepting gifts from pharmaceutical companies. Pediatrics. 1991;88:1233–7.
McKinney WP, Schiedermayer DL, Lurie N, et al. Attitudes of internal medicine faculty and residents toward professional interaction with pharmaceutical sales representatives. JAMA. 1990;264:1693–7.
Royal College of Physicians. The relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1986;20:235–42.
AMA Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Gifts to physicians from industry. JAMA. 1991;265:501.
Page L. Reaction to AMA gift code shows rumblings in the ranks. Am Med News. 1992: Mar 16:2.
ACCME. Guidelines for commercial support of continuing medical education. Chicago: ACGME, 1991.
Kessler DA. Drug promotion and scientific exchange: the role of the clinical investigator. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:201–3.
Taylor MR. Draft policy statement on industry-supported scientific and educational activities. FDA. Federal Register. 1992;57(2291):564121–4.
Bero LA. Galbraith A, Rennie D. The publication of sponsored symposiums in medical journals. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1135–40.
Bowman MA. The impact of drug company funding on the content of continuing medical education. Mobius. 1986;6:66–9.
Hazlet TK, Sullivan SD. Professional organizations and healthcare industry support: ethical conflict? Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 1994;3:236–44.
Lomas ME, Anderson GM, Hannah WJ, Vayda E, Singer J. Opinion leaders versus audit and feedback to implement practice guidelines: delivery after previous cesarean section. JAMA. 1991;265:2202–7.
Greco PJ, Eisenberg JM. Changing physicians’ practices. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1271–3.
Ubel P, Arnold RM. The unbearable Tightness of beside rationing: physician duties in a climate of cost containment. Arch Intern Med. 1995:(in press).
Rawls J. A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1971.
Jonsen AR, Toulmin S. The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.
Beauchamp TL, Childress JF. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. (fourth ed.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ubel, P.A., Arnold, R.M., Gramelspacher, G.P. et al. Acceptance of external funds by physician organizations. J Gen Intern Med 10, 624–630 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602746
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602746