Summary
Background
Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a disease that shows low biological aggressiveness but disseminates widely throughout the abdomino-pelvic cavity prior to diagnosis. Complete control of the disease process on peritoneal surfaces should translate into long term disease free survival in a majorith of patients.
Methods
In a series of 120 patients with PMP, 46 were defined as treatment failures after cytoreductive surgery and regional chemotherapy, and these patients were evaluated.
Results
Clinical features that correlated significantly with treatment failure were tumor site (colon vs. appendix), histopathology grade (grade II vs. grade I), preoperative cancer volume, and completeness of cancer removal by cytoreductive surgery. For grade I histopathology, treatment failure was 10 times more common after incomplete vs. complete cytoreduction. For grade II histopathology, treatment failure was 3 times more common with incomplete cytoreduction. Death from other causes was more common over the age of 65 and stroke was the most common diagnosis. The major causes of morbidity and mortality were related to progressive disease in the abdomen causing intestinal obstruction, and biliary obstruction.
Conclusions
When treatment failures were categorized as surgical (failure to cytoreduce) vs. medical (failure of chemotherapy to sustain a response) there were 27 surgical and 10 medical disease related treatment failures. Improvements in the cytoreductive approach await the development of surgical technologies to increase the total clearing of cancer from the abdominal cavity, and chemotherapeutic treatments that will more adequately sustain control of small volume residual disease on peritoneal surfaces.
Zusammenfassung
Grundlagen
Pseudomyxoma peritonei ist eine Erkrankung von geringer biologischer Aggressivität, die sich jedoch vor Erstellung einer Diagnose weiträumig in der Bauchhöhle ausbreitet. Wenn man den Krankheitsverlauf auf den peritonealen Oberflächen völlig im Griff hat, sollte dies für die meisten Patienten zu einem verlägerten, krankheitsfreien Überleben führen.
Methodik
Aus einer Serie von 120 Patienten mit Pseudomyxoma peritonei erwiesen sich 46 nach chirurgischer Zellreduktion und lokaler Chemotherapie als Therapieversager. Diese 46 Patienten wurden weiter analysiert und ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse
Signifikant mit dem Behandlungsmißerfolg korrelierende, klinische Charakteristika waren: Tumorlokalisation (Kolon vs. Appendix), histopathologisches Grading (Stadium II vs. Stadium I), präoperatives Tumorvolumen und Vollständigkeit der Tumorentfernung durch chirurgische Zellreduktion. Bei unvollständiger Zellreduktion waren in Stadium I Behandlungsversager zehnmal häufiger als nach kompletter Zellreduktion; im Stadium II konnte eine 3fach höhere Versagerquote festgestellt werden. Andere Todesursachen, am häufigsten wurde Gehirnschlag diagnostiziert, traten vermehrt bei über 65-jährigen Patienten auf. Die Hauptursachen für Morbidität und Mortalität korrelierten mit der progredienten, Darm- oder Gallenverschluß verursachenden Erkrankung im Abdomen.
Schlußfolgerungen
Bei der Einteilung der Behandlungsversager in chirurgische (unvollständige Tumorentfernung) vs. medikamentöse (kein dauerhaftes Ansprechen auf Chemotherapie) ergab sich ein Verhältnis von 27:10. Eine Verbesserung der zellreduzierenden Behandlungsmethoden bedarf zuvor einer Weiterentwicklung der Operationstechniken um die Vollständigkeit der Tumorentfernung aus der Bauchhöhle zu erhöhen, sowie der Entwicklung chemotherapeutischer Behandlungen mit denen man kleine, an den Oberflächen des Peritoneums zurückbleibende Tumorreste besser in den Griff bekommt.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sugarbaker PH, Bowei Z, Banez Sese G, Shmookler B: Peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal cancer: Results in 69 patients treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Diseases Colon Rectum 1993;36:323–329.
Zahn C, Kurman RJ, Shmookler BM, Jablonski KA, Sugarbaker PH, Kass M, Banez-Sese G, Ronnett B: Pseudomyxoma peritonei: a proposed grading system. United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, 1993 (abstr).
Sugarbaker PH: Observations concerning cancer spread within the peritoneal cavity and concepts supporting an ordered pathophysiology. In: Sugarbaker PH (ed): Peritoneal carcinomatosis: Principles of management. Boston, Kluwer, 1995.
Sugarbaker PH: Pseudomyxoma peritonei: A cancer whose biology is characterized by a redistribution phenomena. Ann Surg (Editorial) 1994;219:109–111.
Sugarbaker PH: Surgical treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Can J Surg 1989;32:164–170.
Cough DB, Donohue JH, Schutt AJ, Gonchoroff N, Goellner JR, Wilson TO, Naessens M, O'Brien PC, van Heerden JA: Pseudomyxoma peritonei: Long term patient survival with an aggressive regional approach. Ann Surg 1994;219:112–119.
Smith JW, Kemeny N, Caldwell C, Banner P, Sigurdson E, Huvos A: Pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal origin. Cancer 1992;70:396–401.
Sugarbaker PH: Peritonectomy procedures. Ann Surg 1995;221:29–42.
Sugarbaker PH, Graves T, deBrujin EA, Cunliffe WJ, Mullins RE, Hull WE, Oliff L, Schlag P: Rationale for early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Cancer Res 1990;50:5790–5794.
Sugarbaker PH, Jablonski KA: Prognostic features of 51 colorectal and 130 appendiceal cancer patients with peritoneal careinomatosis treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Ann Surg 1995;221:124–132.
Sugarbaker PH, Gunderson LL, Wittes RE: Colorectal Cancer, in, DeVita, Hellman, Rosenberg (eds): Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 2nd ed. Vol 1. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1985, pp 795–884.
Sugarbaker PH, Ryan AM: Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis: A manual for physicians and nurses. Grand Rapids. Ludann/MI, 1993.
Jacquet P, Jelinek JS, Steves MA, Sugarbaker PH: Evaluation of Computed Tomography in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer 1993;72:1631–1636.
Fisher RA: Statistical methods for research workers. 5th ed. Edinburg. Oliver and Boyd, 1934.
Mantel N, Haenszel W: Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 1956;22:719–748.
Fleiss J: Statistical methods for rates and proportions. 2nd ed. New York, Wiley, 1981.
Sugarbaker PH, Gianola FJ, Speyer JL, Wesley R, Barofsky I, Meyers CE: Prospective randomized trial of intravenous versus intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil in patients with advanced primary colon or rectal cancer. Surgery 1985;98:414–421.
van Oosterom AT, Jol C, de Bruijn EA, Pauwels EKJ, Kuin C, Trimbos JB, Nooy MA, Tjaden UR: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mitomycin C in patients with resistant ovarian cancer, in Taguchi T, Andrysek O (eds): New Trends in Cancer Chemotherapy with Mitomycin C. Tokyo, Excerpta Medica, 1987, pp 192–200.
Fujimoto S, Takahashi M, Endoh F, Shrestha RD, Kokubun M, Takai M, Okui K: A clinical pilot study combining surgery with intraoperative pelvic hyperthermo-chemotherapy to prevent the local recurrence of rectal cancer. Ann Surg 1991;213:43–47.
Fernández-Trigo V, Stuart OA, Stephens AD, Hoover LD, Sugarbaker PH: Surgically directed chemotherapy: Heated abdominal lavage with mitomycin C regional cancer treat (in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fernández-Trigo, V., Shamsa, F. & Sugarbaker, P.H. Clinical determinants of treatment failures after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei. Acta Chir Austriaca 27, 79–83 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602248
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02602248
Key-words
- Pseudomyxoma peritonei
- appendix cancer
- colon cancer
- intraperitoneal chemotherapy
- cytoreductive surgery