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Fayal dans l’Atlantique et Rapa dans le Pacifique: deux séries faiblement alcalines évoluant sous conditions anhydres

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Abstract

Though in two different geodynamic sites, the Isles of Fayal (Azores, North Atlantic) and Rapa (Australes, Pacific) show large similitudes. The two series differentiated under dry conditions by a process of crystal fractionation with low oxygen fugacity. Olivine is present in both series and evolves from Fo83 to Fo5 (Rapa) and from Fo77 to Fo22 (Fayal). The two series present some features of the tholeiitic series, even though their high contents in incompatible elements (K2O, TiO2, etc.) and normative Ne (0.30 in basalt) would assimilate them to alkaline series. These apparent conflicting datas are explained by an anhydrous melting (<15%) under high pressure (>15kb) of an undepleted pyrolitic mantle, according to a recent proposal byJaques andGreen (1980).

Resume

En deux sites géodynamiques différents, les îles de Fayal (Açores, Atlantique) et de Rapa (Australes, Pacifique) présentent d’étroites homologies. Les deux séries sont différenciées, en conditions anhydres, par cristallisation fractionnée sous faible fugacité d’oxygène. L’olivine est stable dans toute la série et évolue de Fo83 à Fo5 (Rapa); Fo77 à Fo22 (Fayal). Elles ont de ce fait un comportement proche de celui des séries tholeiitiques bien qu’alcalines par leur forte teneur en éléments incompatibles (K20, TiO2...) et leur néphéline normative (Basalte à Ne 0,30). Ces faits sont conciliés dans une genèse par fusion (<15%) anhydre et sous forte pression (>15kb) d’un Manteau pyrolitique non appauvri tel que l’ont récemment proposéJaques etGreen (1980).

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  1. Laboratoire de Pétrographie-Volcanologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Sud, 91405, Orsay-Cédex, France

    R. Brousse, H. Bizouard & N. Metrich

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  1. R. Brousse
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  2. H. Bizouard
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  3. N. Metrich
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Brousse, R., Bizouard, H. & Metrich, N. Fayal dans l’Atlantique et Rapa dans le Pacifique: deux séries faiblement alcalines évoluant sous conditions anhydres. Bull Volcanol 44, 393–410 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600572

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