Article PDF
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Iezzoni LI. ed. Risk Adjustment for Measuring Health Care Outcomes. Ann Arbor, Mich: Health Administration Press; 1994.
Localio AR, Hamory BH, Sharp TJ, Weaver SL, TenHave TR, Landis JR. Comparing hospital mortality in adult patients with pneumonia. A case study of statistical methods in a managed care program. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:125–32.
Iezzoni LI. “Black box” medical information systems: a technology needing assessment. JAMA. 1991;265:3006–7.
Thomas JW, Ashcraft MLF. Measuring severity of illness: six severity systems and their ability to explain cost variations. Inquiry. 1991;28:39–55.
Iezzoni LI, Shwartz M, Ash AS, Hughes JS, Daley J, Mackiernan YD. Severity measurement methods and judging hospital death rates for pneumonia. Med Care. 1996;34:11–28.
Iezzoni LI, Ash A, Shwartz M, Daley J, Hughes JS, Mackiernan YD. Predicting who dies depends on how severity is measured: implications for evaluating patient outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 1995;28:763–70.
Iezzoni LI, Shwartz M, Ash AS, Mackiernan YD. Using severity measures to predict the likelihood of death for pneumonia in patients. J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11:23–31.
Edwards N, Honemann D, Burley D, Navarro M. Refinement of Medicare diagnosis related groups to incorporate a measure of severity. Health Care Fin Rev. 1994;16:45–64.
Horn SD, Sharkoy PD, Buckle JM, Backofen JE, Averill RF, Horn RA. The relationship between severity of illness and hospital length of stay and mortality. Med Care. 1991;29:305–17.
Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45:613–19.
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chron Dis. 1987;40:373–83.
Gonnella JS, Hornbrook MC, Louis DZ. Staging of disease: a case-mix measurement. JAMA. 1984;251:637–44.
Steen PM, Brewster AC, Bradbury RC, Estabrook E, Young JA. Predicted probabilities of hospital death as a measure of admission severity of illness. Inquiry. 1993;30:128–41.
Knaus WA. Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818–29.
Young WW, Swinkola RB, Zorn DM. The measurement of hospital case mix. Med Care. 1982;28:501–12.
Young WW, Kohler S, Kowalski J. PMC patient severity scale: derivation and validation. Health Serv Res. 1994;29:367–90.
Freeman JL, Fetter RB, Park H, et al. Diagnosis-related group refinement with diagnosis- and procedure-specific comorbidities and complications. Med Care. 1995;33:806–27.
Shapiro MF, Park RE, Keesey J, Brook RH. The effect of alternative case-mix adjustments on mortality differences between municipal and voluntary hospitals in New York City. Health Serv Res. 1994;29:95–112.
Hannan EL, Kilburn H, Lindsey ML, Lewis R. Clinical versus administrative data bases for CABG surgery. Does it matter? Med Care. 1992;30:892–907.
Blumberg MD. Risk adjusting health c ire outcomes: a methodologic review. Med Care Rev. 1986;43:351–93.
Hughes JS, Ash A. Reliability of risk-adjustment methods. In: Iezzoni LI, ed. Risk Adjustment for Measuring Health Care Outcomes. Ann Arbor, Mich: Health Administration Press; 1994; 263–86.
National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, Subcommittee on Ambulatory and Hospital Care Statistics. Proposed Revision to the Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set. Washington, DC: National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics; 1992.
Iezzoni LI. Case classification and quality of care. Issues to consider before making the investment. Qual Rev Bull. 1987;13:135–9.
Iezzoni LI. Examining the validity of severity measures in today’s health policy context. J Gen Intern Med. 1995;10:406–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research under grant RO1 HS06742-03. Dr. Daley is Senior Research Associate, Career Development Program of the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service. The views expressed are solely those of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hughes, J.S., Iezzoni, L.I., Daley, J. et al. How severity measures rate hospitalized patients. J Gen Intern Med 11, 303–311 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02598273
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02598273