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Radon gas—A radiation hazard from radioactive bedrock and building materials

Radon—Les risques de radiations causes par des roches et materiaux de construction radioactifs

  • 26e Congrès Géologique International Paris, France, 7–17.07.1980 Symposium Inter-Sections S 16& S 17
  • Mapping Geological Hazards
  • Published:
Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Exposure to radioactive materials is not a problem solely connected with nuclear energy or nuclear weapons. The past year has witnessed real concern in Sweden regarding natural radiation hazards in the everyday environment, in particular exposure to high levels of radon gas and radon daughter products in dwellings. The source for the radon can be either building materials containing higher than normal amounts of radioactive elements, or bedrock and/or drift cover with relatively high concentraions of uranium.

The bedrock contribution to the radiation hazard relates directly to the uranium-bearing alum shale formation of Cambrian age and to certain Precambrian uranium- and thorium-enriched graintes. The Geological Survey of Sweden is preparing GEO-radiation maps which show the distribution of rocks and soils which are radioactive. building materials incorporating these rock types, in particular alum shale, can also have high radium contents resulting in the release of radon gas to the in-door atmosphere.

This paper summarizes the recommendations of the Swedish Government Commission set up to investigate the radon problem, and the role of the geologist in delimiting the extent of the problem of natural radiation from the ground.

Résumé

L'exposition à des sources radioactives n'est pas un problème en liaison exclusive avec la production d'énergie ou les armes nucléaires. Les risques des radiations dans le milieu de la vie quotidienne ont soulevé un vif intérêt en Suède dans l'année passée, en particulier les risques d'exposition à d'importantes émanations de gaz radon et de ses produits de désintégration dans les habitations. La source du radon peut se trouver soit dans des matériaux de construction contenant des qutités anormales d'éléments radioactifs, soit dans un sous-sol rocheux et/ou des alluvions qui présentent des concentrations d'uranium relativement importantes.

Les risques de radiations dus au soubassement rocheux sont en relation étroite avec la présence d'une formation de schistes alumineux uranifères d'age Cambrien, ou de certains granites Précambriens riches en uranium et thorium. En conséquence, les matériaux de construction incorporant ces types de roches, en particulier des schistes alumineux, peuvent contenir d'importantes quantités de radium produisant des émanations de radon dans l'atmosphère intérieure des habitations.

Cet article résume les recommandations établies par la commission gouvernementale suédoise pour l'étude des problèmes dus au radon, et souligne le rôle du géologue dans l'estimation des problèmes des radiations naturelles du sous-sol.

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Åkerblom, G.V., Wilson, C. Radon gas—A radiation hazard from radioactive bedrock and building materials. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 23, 51–61 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02594726

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