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The glomerular endothelium and the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis

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Riassunto

L’ultrastruttura del rene è stata studiata su frammenti di tessuto ottenuti mediante biopsia da 12 pazienti ricoverati (7 femmine e 5 maschî), di età compresa tra 6 e 18 anni e con diabete datante da 2–8 anni. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta all’endotelio glomerulare. I reperti osservati depongono per una accresciuta permeabilità dell’endotelio glomerulare, con conseguente accumulo di materiale « plasma-simile » tra lo strato endoteliale e la membrana basale. Altri aspetti sono indicativi di una infiltrazione verso l’area mesangiale e di una sua condensazione; da ciò deriverebbero le immagini generalmente interpretate come ispessimento della membrana basale e proliferazione della matrice mesangiale. Vengono discusse le implicazioni di questi reperti ed indicato il loro possibile ruolo nello sviluppo della glomerulosclerosi diabetica. Secondo il punto di vista degli AA., la prima alterazione glomerulare nel diabete è rappresentata da un disturbo funzionale dell’endotelio glomerulare, che gradualmente porta al ben noto ispessimento della membrana basale e alle modificazioni a carico del mesangio. Gli AA. illustrano la loro ipotesi in un diagramma.

Résumé

On a étudié l’ultra-structure du rein de 12 patients hospitalisés, (7 femelles et 5 mâles) âgeés de 6 à 18 ans, et atteints par le diabète depuis 2–8 ans, à partir de fragments de tissu obtenus au moyen d’une biopsie; on a consacré une attention particulière à l’endothélium glomérulaire. Le matériel observé dépose en faveur d’une augmentation de la perméabilité de l’endothélium glomérulaire, qui comporte l’accumulation de matériel « semblable au plasma » entre la couche endothéliale et la membrane basale. D’autres aspects indiquent une infiltration vers la zone mésangiale du matériel accumulé et sa condensation; cela expliquerait les images généralement interprétées comme un épaississement de la membrane basale et une prolifération de la matrice mésangiale. On discute les implications de ces résultats et on indique leur rôle probable dans le developpement de la glomérulo-sclérose diabétique. Selon les auteurs, la prémière altération glomérulaire dans le diabète est représentée par un trouble fonctionnel de l’endothélium glomérulaire, qui conduit graduellement à l’épaississement, bien connu, de la membrane basale et aux modifications des régions mésangiales. Les auteurs illustrent leur hypothèse à l’aide d’un diagramme.

Zusammenfassung

Die Ultrastruktur der Nieren wurde an Biopsien von 12 hospitalisierten (7 weiblichen und 5 männlichen) Diabetespatienten im Alter von 6 bis 18 Jahren untersucht. Die jeweilige Krankheitsdauer bewegte sich zwischen 2 und 8 Jahren. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit wurde dem Endothel der Glomeruli gewidmet. Die Beobachtungen sprechen für eine vermehrte Permeabilität des Glomerulusendothels mit Ansammlung von plasma-ähnlichem Material zwischen Endothelschicht und Basalmembran. Andere Aspekte lassen auf Infiltration des angesammelten Materials in der Zone des Mesangiums schliessen und auf seine Kondensation, was zu Erscheinungen führt, die gewöhnlich als Verdickung der Basalmembran und Proliferation der mesangialen Grundsubstanz gedeutet werden. Die Folgeerscheinungen dieser Befunde werden besprochen sowie die Rolle, die sie möglicherweise bei der Entwicklung der diabetischen Glomerulosklerose spielen. Nach Ansicht der Verfasser ist die erste Veränderung am Glomerulus bei Diabetes eine funktionelle Störung des Endothels, welche allmählich zu der bekannten Verdickung der Basalmembran und zu den pathologischen Bildern des Mesangiums führt. Die Verfasser versuchen, ihre Hypothese in einem Diagramm darzustellen.

Summary

Kidney ultrastructure was examined in biopsies obtained from 12 in-patients (7 females and 5 males) aged 6 to 18 with diabetes of 2 to 8 years’ standing. Special attention was focussed on the glomerular endothelium. The findings were suggestive of increased permeability of the glomerular endothelium with subsequent accumulation of ‘plasma-like’ material between the endothelial layer and the basement membrane. Other aspects are suggestive of the infiltration of the accumulated material towards the mesangial area, and its condensation which leads to the aspects usually interpreted as basement membrane thickening and mesangial matrix proliferation. The implications of these findings are discussed and their possible role in the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis is pointed out. According to the authors’ point of view the first glomerular alteration in diabetics is a functional disturbance of the glomerular endothelium leading gradually to the well-known basement membrane thickening and mesangial changes. The authors illustrate their hypothesis in a diagram.

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Traduzione a cura di G. U.

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Câmpeanu, S., Câmpeanu, L. & Mandache, E. The glomerular endothelium and the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Acta diabet. lat 10, 779–808 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02590689

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