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The aetiological and clinical pattern of childhood urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia

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Abstract

The clinical and aetiological pattern in 85 stone-forming children presenting to an integrated nephrourological service in Riyadh is reviewed. All patients were below the age of 15 years, the male to female ratio being 2∶1. Only 2 children presented with bladder calculi. The remaining all had upper tract stone and, in 12 cases, these were bilateral. Of 34 calculi recovered for analysis, one-third was predominantly calcium oxalate and a further third was composed of uric acid or urate. Four patients had cystine stones and the remaining 7 presented mixed calcium stones, 6 (17.6%) being struvite and infection-related. Of the 85 patients 55 were treated successfully with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 16 underwent surgery and 7 had their stones removed by endourological procedures. In the remaining 7 children, stones dissolved or were passed spontaneously during medical therapy. Nine children (10.6%) showed a primary metabolic defect leading to their stone formation, 10 (11.8%) had a predisposing anatomical anomaly and 15 (17.6%) presented with urinary tract infection. Of the remaining 51 patients (60%) with idiopathic disease, 6 showed hypercalciuria on investigation and 2 children may have formed their stones due to prolonged recumbency.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    S. A. Al-Rasheed, M. Abdurrahman & M. M. Al-Mugeirin

  2. Department of Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    S. R. El-Faqih & I. Husain

Authors
  1. S. A. Al-Rasheed
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  2. S. R. El-Faqih
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  3. I. Husain
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  4. M. Abdurrahman
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  5. M. M. Al-Mugeirin
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Al-Rasheed, S.A., El-Faqih, S.R., Husain, I. et al. The aetiological and clinical pattern of childhood urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia. International Urology and Nephrology 27, 349–355 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02550067

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