Abstract
Cilia have been observed protruding from osteocytes in fetal rat calvaria by electron microscopy, raising the possibility that they might be concerned with the movement of fluids through the canalicular system of dense bone and, therefore, with the transport of calcium and other ions into and out of the skeleton.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Barnes, B. G.: Ciliated secretory cells in the pars distalis of the mouse hypophysis. J. Ultrastruct. Res.5, 453–467 (1961)
Bassett, C. A. L.: Discussion of M. R. Urist (Bone-body fluid as influenced by prolonged activity). In: Human ecology in space flight (Calloway, D. H., ed.), vol. II, p. 123. New York: New York Academy of Science 1967
Bergstrom W. H., Ruva, F. D.: Changes in bone sodium during acute acidosis in the rat. Amer. J. Physiol.198, 1126–1128 (1960)
Clark, M. V., Brinsfield, T. H.: Ciliated stromal cells in the hamster uterus. Biol. Reprod.8, 100–102 (1973)
Coupland, R. E.: Electron microscopic observations on the structure of the rat adrenal medulla. I. The ultrastructure and organization of chromaffin cells in normal adrenal medulla. J. Anat. (Lond.)99, 231–254 (1965)
Dahl, H. A.: On the cilium cell relationship in the adenohypophysis of the mouse. Z. Zellforsch.83, 169–177 (1967)
Dingemans, K. P.: The relation between cilia and mitoses in the mouse adenohypophysis. J. Cell Biol.43, 361–367 (1969)
Dudley, H. R., Spiro, D. J.: The fine structure of bone cells. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol.11, 627–649 (1961)
Federman, M., Nichols, G., Jr.: Qualitative and quantitative aspects of osteogenesis. J. Cell Biol.59, 97A (Abst.) (1973)
Garant, P. R., Szabo, G., Nalbandian, J.: The fine structure of the mouse odontoblast. Arch. oral Biol.13, 857–876 (1968)
Kallio, D. M., Garant, P. R., Minkin, C.: Ultrastructural effects of calcitonin on osteoclasts in tissue culture. J. Ultrastruct. Res.39, 205–216 (1972)
Karnovsky, M. J.: Formaldehyde—glutaraldehyde fixative of high osmolarity for use in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol.27, 137 A (Abst.) (1965)
Maraspin, L. E., Boccabella, A. V.: Solitary cilia in endometrial fibroblasts. J. Reprod. Fertil.25, 343–347 (1971)
Munger, B. L.: A light and electron microscopic study of cellular differentiation in the pancreatic islets of the mouse. Amer. J. Anat.103, 275–311 (1958)
Nichols, G., Jr., Hirschmann, P. N., Rogers, P.: Bone cells, calcification, and calcium homeostasis. In: Cellular mechanisms for calcium transfer and homeostasis (Nichols G., Jr., Wasserman, R. H., eds.), p. 211–237. New York: Academic Press 1971
Nichols, G., Jr., Nichols, N.: The role of bone in sodium metabolism. Metabolism5, 438–446 (1956)
Nichols, G., Jr., Rogers, P.: Mechanisms for the transfer of calcium into and out of the skeleton. Pediatrics47, 211–228 (1971)
Parsons, J. A., Robinson, C. J.: The earliest effects of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin on blood-bone calcium distribution. In: Calcium, parathyroid hormone, and the calcitonins (Talmage, R. V., Munson, P. L., eds.), p. 399–406. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica 1972
Reith, E. J.: The stages of amelogenesis as observed in molar teeth of young rats. J. Ultrastruct. Res30, 111–151 (1970)
Rikmenspoel, R., Rudd, W. G.: The contractile mechanism in cilia. Biophys. J.13, 955–993 (1973)
Roth, T. F., Porter, V. R.: Specialized sites on the cell surface for, protein uptake. In: Proc. 5th Int. Congr. Electron Microsc., vol. II, LL4. New York: Academic Press, Inc. 1962
Rowland, R. E.: Exchangeable bone calcium. Clin. Orthop.49, 233–248 (1966)
Sorokin, S.: Centrioles and the formation of rudimentary cilia by fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. J. Cell Biol.15, 363–377 (1962)
Sottiurai, V., Malvin, R. L.: The demonstration of cilia in canine macula densa cells (1). Amer. J. Anat.135, 281–286 (1972)
Tachi, S., Tachi, C., Lindner, H. R.: Cilia-bearing stromal cells in the, rat uterus. J. Anat. (Lond.)104, 295–308 (1969)
Vincent, J.: Autoradiographies au Na22 de l’os compact du cercotithque. Bull. Acad. roy. Méd. Belg.25, 283–295 (1960)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Federman, M., Nichols, G. Bone cell cilia: Vestigial or functional organelles?. Calc. Tis Res. 17, 81–85 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02547216
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02547216