Abstract
The extraction of oil from fixed beds of canola seed (Brassica napus) was studied using carbon dioxide at temperatures and pressures ranging from 25 to 90°C and 10 to 36 MPa, respectively. The oil solubility in CO2 was found to be strongly dependent on CO2 pressure and weakly dependent on the system temperature. The highest observed oil solubility was 11 mg/g CO2 and occurred at 36 MPa and 55°C. The manner in which different methods of seed pretreatment (flaking, cooking, pressure rupturing, chopping and crushing) affected the extraction process also was studied. The total amount of oil recovered from the seeds by CO2 extraction was found to be strongly dependent on the pretreatment. No measurable quantity of oil chould be recovered from whole, intact seeds. The amount of oil extractable from flaked and cooked seeds was comparable to that recoverable by conventional hexane extraction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hannay, J.B., and J. Hogarth,Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) 29:324 (1879).
Hellyar, K.G., and R.P. de Filippi,The Chemical Engineer, April, p. 136 (1982).
Caragay, A.B.,Perfumer and Flavorist 6:46 (1981).
Hubert, P., and O. Vitzthum,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 17:710 (1978).
Friedrich, J.P., and G.R. List,J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:192 (1982).
Christianson, D.D., J.P. Friedrich, G.R. List, K. Warren, E.B. Bagley, A.C. Stringfellow and G.E. Inglett,J. Food Sci. 49:229 (1984).
Bunzenberger, G., E. Lack and R. Marr,Ger. Chem. Eng. 7:25 (1984).
Bulley, N.R., M. Fattori and A. Meisen,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61:1362 (1984).
Milligan, E.D., and D.C. Tandy, Ibid.:347 (1974).
Calame, J.P., and R. Steiner,Chem. Ind. (London) 6:399 (1982).
de Filippi, R.P., Ibid.:390 (1982).
Pigden, W.J., inHigh and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils, edited by J.G. Kramer and D.S. Frank, Academic Press, Toronto, Canada, 1983, p. 21.
Teasdale, B.F., and T.K. Mag, Ibid., edited byJ.G. Kramer andD.S. Frank, Academic Press, Toronto, Canada, 1983, pp. 198–228.
Friedrich, J.P., and G.R. List,J. Agric. Food Chem. 39:192 (1984).
Stahl, E., E. Schutz and H.K. Mangold, Ibid. 28:1153 (1980).
Williams, D.F.,Chem. Eng. Sci. 36:1769 (1981).
Newitt, D.E., M.V. Pai, N.R. Kuloor and A.W. Huggill, inThermodynamic Functions of Gases, Vol. 1, edited by R. Din, Butterworth’s Scientific Publication, London, England, 1956.
Formo, M.W., inBailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Vol. 1, 4th edn., edited by D. Swern, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1979.
Peter, S., and G. Brunner,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 17:746 (1978).
Brogle, H.,Chem. Ind. (London) 6:385 (1982).
Othmer, D.F., and J.C. Agarwal,Chem. Eng. Progr. 51:372 (1955).
Anjou, K., inRapeseed Cultivation, Composition, Processing and Utilization, edited by L.A. Appelqvist, Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1972, pp. 198–217.
Beach, D.H.C., inHigh and Low Erucic Acid Rapeseed Oils, edited by J.G. Kramer and D.S. Frank, Academic Press, Toronto, Canada, 1983, pp. 181–184.
Snyder, J.M., J.P. Friedrich and D.D. Christianson,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61:5475 (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Fattori, M., Bulley, N.R. & Meisen, A. Carbon dioxide extraction of canola seed: Oil solubility and effect of seed treatment. J Am Oil Chem Soc 65, 968–974 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544522
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02544522