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Species variation in the atherogenic profile of monkeys: Relationship between dietary fats, lipoproteins, and platelet aggregation

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Lipids

Abstract

Because lipoproteins and platelet aggregation have been implicated in atherogenesis, relative differences in the response of these variables to dietary fat saturation were compared in three species of monkeys differing in their susceptibility to atherosclerosis (cebus, rhesus, and squirrel monkeys). Both long-term (8–12 years) and short-term (8 weeks) responses to diets containing 31% fat calories were examined in the same monkeys. As expected, long-term feeding of coconut oil by comparison to corn oil produced significantly higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoB, and triglycerides, as well as higher ratios of LDL/HDL cholesterol and apo B/apo A-I. These responses were characteristic of all species with cebus being most responsive and rhesus the least. The shortterm plasma cholesterol response to animal fats (butter, lard, beef tallow) was significantly less than that to coconut oil. When fish oil was substituted for two-thirds of either corn oil or coconut oil, exceptional decreases occurred in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as in HDL cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations despite the fact that the fish oil diets contained more saturated fat and less polyenes than the corn oil diet. Platelet aggregation tended to increase with saturated fat consumption and greatly decreased with fish oil intake in all monkeys, although cebus monkeys were ten-fold more resistant to platelet aggregation than the other two species. The molecular species of platelet phosphatidylcholine (PC) varied with both the dietary fat fed and species of monkey. An inverse correlation (r=−0.60; p<0.001) was found between changes in one such PC molecular species (18∶0−20∶4) induced by diet and the platelet aggregation threshold. These results demonstrate that the lipemic and platelet responses to dietary saturated fat depend upon both the type of fat (i.e., the specific combination of dietary fatty acids, including the chain length of saturated fatty acids and the degree of polyunsaturation) and the species of monkey (genetic component) in which the response is elicited.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

analysis of variance; apo, apolipoprotein

COCO+:

coconut oil and cholesterol

CORN+:

corn oil and cholesterol

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetracetic acid

GLC:

gas-liquid chromatography

HDL:

high density lipoprotein

HDL-C:

high density lipoprotein-cholesterol

HPLC:

high performance liquid chromatography

LDL:

low density lipoprotein

LDL-C:

low density lipoprotein-cholesterol

LSD:

least significant difference

M/S:

monounsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio

PC:

phosphatidylcholine

PPP:

platelet poor plasma

P/S:

polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio

PRP:

platelet-rich plasma

stdPRP:

standardized platelet rich plasma

VLDL-C:

very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol

THF:

tetrahydrofuran

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Author notes

  1. Z. F. Stephan

    Present address: Ciba-Geigy Corp, Summit, NJ

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Foster Biomedical Research Laboratory, Brandeis University, 02254, Waltham, Massachusetts

    A. Pronczuk, Z. F. Stephan & K. C. Hayes

  2. Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center, 02130, Boston, Massachusetts

    G. M. Patton

Authors
  1. A. Pronczuk
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  4. K. C. Hayes
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Pronczuk, A., Patton, G.M., Stephan, Z.F. et al. Species variation in the atherogenic profile of monkeys: Relationship between dietary fats, lipoproteins, and platelet aggregation. Lipids 26, 213–222 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02543974

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02543974

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