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Satonda Crater Lake, Indonesia: Hydrogeochemistry and biocarbonates

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Summary

The results of detailed hydrochemical and biosedimentological studies of the sea-linked Satonda Crater Lake, Sumbawa Island/Indonesia are presented. They revealed that the mildly alkaline, mid-water stratified and species-poor lake supports growth of cyanobacterial-red algal calcareous reefs comparable with some ancient marine biocarbonates. The chemical and biotic changes during the last 4,000 years of the lake history have been reconstructed. They indicate that the chemistry of the lake evolved from initially fresh water, through highly alkaline to the modern slightly alkaline quasi-marine conditions with corresponding biotic changes. The influence of the 1815 eruption of the nearby located Tambora Volcano on the lake chemistry and resulting lithological and biotic changes is also discussed. The lake proves to be a good model for the recently proposed hypothesis of an early alkaline (soda) ocean.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, Center of Marine and Climate Research, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 55, D-2000, Hamburg 13, Fed. Rep. of Germany

    Stephan Kempe

  2. Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02089, Warsaw, Poland

    Józef Kaźmierczak

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Kempe, S., Kaźmierczak, J. Satonda Crater Lake, Indonesia: Hydrogeochemistry and biocarbonates. Facies 28, 1–31 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02539726

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