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Effects of n−3 and n−6 fatty acids on the activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in autoimmune-prone NZB×NZW F1 mice

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Lipids

Abstract

Menhaden fish oil (FO) containing n−3 fatty acids dramatically extends the life span and delays the onset and progression of autoimmune disease in (NZB×NZW)F1 (B/W) female mice as compared to those fed corn oil (CO) rich in n−6 lipids. As an inefficient antioxidant defense system has been linked to autoimmune diseases, the present study was undertaken to determine whether the protective action of n−3 lipids is mediated through their antioxidant defense system. Weanling B/W mice were fed a nutritionally adequate, semipurified diet containing CO or krill oil (KO) or FO at 10% level (w/w)ad libitum until the mice were 6.5 months old. All diets contained the same level of vitamin E (21.5 mg/100 g diet). We compared the effects of feeding n−6 and n−3 lipids on survival, kidney disease, hepatic microsomal lipid composition, peroxidation, and on the activity and mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 6.5-month-old B/W mice. The results showed that when compared to livers from CO-fed mice, livers from KO- and FO-fed mice showed: (i) significantly higher (P<0.001) activities and expression of CAT, GSH-Px and SOD; (ii) significantly lower (P<0.001) arachidonic acid (20∶4n−6) and linoleic acid (18∶2n−6) and higher (P<0.001) eicosapentaenoic acid (20∶5n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6n−3) levels in hepatic microsomes; and (iii) significantly lower (P<0.001) estimated peroxidation indices and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances generation. The data indicate that one of the mechanisms through which the n−3 lipids delay the onset of autoimmune diseases in B/W mice may be through maintenance of higher activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes.

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Abbreviations

B/W mice:

(NZB×NZW) F1 mice

CAT:

catalase

CO:

corn oil

EDTA:

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

FO:

fish oil

GAPDH:

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GSH:

glutathione reduced form

GSH-Px:

glutathione peroxidase

KO:

krill oil

NADPH:

β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form

SDS:

sodium dodecylsulfate

SLE:

systemic lupus erythematosus

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

SSC:

sodium chloride/sodium citrate buffer

TBARS:

thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

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Author notes

  1. Jaya T. Venkatraman

    Present address: Nutrition Program, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, Buffalo, NY

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., 78284-7874, San Antonio, Texas

    Jaya T. Venkatraman, Bysani Chandrasekar & Gabriel Fernandes

  2. Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., 78284-7874, San Antonio, Texas

    Jong Dai Kim & Gabriel Fernandes

  3. Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., 78284-7874, San Antonio, Texas

    Gabriel Fernandes

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  1. Jaya T. Venkatraman
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  3. Jong Dai Kim
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  4. Gabriel Fernandes
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Venkatraman, J.T., Chandrasekar, B., Kim, J.D. et al. Effects of n−3 and n−6 fatty acids on the activities and expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in autoimmune-prone NZB×NZW F1 mice. Lipids 29, 561–568 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536628

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02536628

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