Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Identification and quantitation of surfactants in consumer products by ion-spray mass spectrometry

  • Published:
Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society

Abstract

Current approaches for identifying and quantitating surfactants in various product matrices require the use of wet chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques. The primary objective of this work is to replace current multiple-technique approaches for identifying surfactants and quantitating their homologue distribution with a single rapid technique. To meet this objective, a simple preparation procedure has been developed to prepare consumer product samples for subsequent analysis by ion-spray mass spectrometry. Quantitation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in detergents with this technique is demonstrated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kariyone, T.,Kaimenkasseizai Bunsekiho, edited by Kaimenkasseizai Bunseki Kenkyu-kai, Saiwai Shobo, Tokyo, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kaimenkasseizai no Bunseki to Shikenho, edited by Kitahara, F., S. Hayano, and I. Hara, Kodan-sha, Tokyo, 1989, p. 123.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kaimenkasseizai Handbook, edited by Yoshida, T., S. Shindo, T. Ohgaki, and K. Yamanaka, Kogaku Tosho, Tokyo, 1987, p. 562.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lin, J.T., D.G. Cornell, and T.J. Micich, Cobaltothiocyanate Colorimetric Analysis for Homologous Polyoxyethylated Alkyl Amides,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 63:1575–1579 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang, C.N., L.D. Metcalfe, J.J. Donkerbroek, and A.H.M. Cosijn, Potentiometric Titration of Long Chain Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Using Sodium Tetraphenyl Borate,Ibid. 66:1831–1833 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Carminati, G., L. Cavalli, and F. Buosi, Application of13C NMR to the Identification of Surfactants in Mixture,Ibid. 65:669–677 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Kalinoski, H.T., and A. Jensen, Characterization of Nonionic Surfactants Using Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,Ibid. 66:1171–1175 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Nakamura, M., K. Tanaka, S. Yamamura, and T. Takeda, C 13-NMR ni yoru hi-ion kaimenkasseizai no kozo kaiseki,Kagakuto-Kogyo, 64:114–120 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Osburn, Q.W., Analytical Methodology for Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in Waters and Wastes.J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 63: 257–263 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Sato, T., Y. Saito, and I. Anazawa, Polyoxyethylene Oligomer Distribution of Nonionic Surfactants,Ibid. 65:996–999 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nakamura, K., Y. Morikawa, and I. Matsumoto, Rapid Analysis of Ionic and Nonionic Surfactant Homologs by High Performance Liquid Chromatography,Ibid. 58:72–77 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Allen, M.C., and D.E. Linder, Ethylene Oxide Oligomer Distribution in Nonionic Surfactants via High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC),Ibid. 58:950–957 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Johannessen, R.O., W.J. Dewitt, R.S. Smith, and M.E. Tuvell, High Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Alpha Olefin Sulfonates,Ibid. 60:858–861 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Garti, N., E. Wellner, A. Aserin, and S. Sarig, Analysis of Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters by HPLC,Ibid. 60: 1151–1154 (1983).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Aserin, A., M. Frenkel, and N. Garti HPLC Analysis of Nonionic Surfactants. Part IV. Polyoxyethylene Fatty Alcohols,Ibid. 61:805–809 (1984).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Maruyama, K., and C. Yonese, Separation and Quantitative Determination of Monoacylglycerol Mixtures by Reversed Phase HPLC,Ibid. 63:902–905 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Kanesato, M., K. Nakamura, O. Nakata, and Y. Morikawa, Analysis of Ionogenic Surfactants by HPLC with Ion-Pair Extraction Detector,Ibid. 64:434–438 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schmitt, T.M., M.C. Allen, D.K. Brain, K.F. Guin, D.E. Lemmel, and Q.W. Osburn, HPLC Determination of Ethoxylated Alcohol Surfactants in Wastewater,Ibid. 67:103–109 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kubeck, E., and C.G. Naylor, Trace Analysis of Alkylphenol Ethoxylates,Ibid. 67:400–405 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Geissler, P.R., Quantitative Analysis of Ethoxylated Alcohols by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography,Ibid. 66:685–689 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Johnson, A.E., P.R. Geissler, and L.D. Talley, Determination of Relative Ethoxylation Rate Constants from Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic Analysis of Ethoxylated Alcohols,Ibid. 67:123–131 (1990).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Marcomini, A., and W. Giger, Simultaneous Determination of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates, Alkylphenol, Polyethoxylates, and Nonylphenol by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography,Anal. Chem. 57:1709–1715(1987).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Rockwood, A.L., and T. Higuchi, Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) Analysis of Non-Ionic Surfactants Using the FRIT-FAB Method,Tenside Surfactants Deterg. 29:6–12 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lawrence, D.L., The Application of Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry By Using Coaxial Continuous Flow Fast Atom Bombardment.J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 3:575–581 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Matsumoto, K., S. Tsuge, and Y. Hirata, Analysis of Non-Ionic Surface Active Agents by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,Mass Spectroscopy 35:15–22 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Takeuchi, T., S. Watanabe, N. Kondo, M. Goto, and D. Ishii, Liquid Chromatography/Fast-Atom-Bombardment Mass Spectrometry of Nonionic Detergents,Chromatographia 25:523–525 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kalinoski, H.T., and L.O. Hargiss, Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Non-Ionic Surfactant Materials Using Chloride-Attachment Negative Ion Chemical Ionization,J. Chrom. 505:199–213 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Rivera, J., J. Caixach, I. Espadaler, J. Romero, F. Ventura, J. Guardiola, and J. Om, New Mass Spectrometric Techniques in the Analysis of Organic Micropollutants in Water: Fast Atom Bombardment and HPLC/MS,Water Supply 7:97–103 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Schröder, H.F., Surfactants: Non-Biodegradable, Significant Pollutants in Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents,J. Chrom. 647:219–234 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Schröder, H.F., Pollutants in Drinking Water and Waste Water,Ibid. 643:145–161 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Field, J.A., T.M. Field, T. Poiger, and W. Giger, Determination of Secondary Alkane Sulfonates in Sewage Wastewaters by Solid-Phase Extraction and Injection-Port Derivatization Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry,Environ. Sci. Technol. 28:497–503 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Evans, K.A., S.T. Dubey, L. Kravetz, I. Dzidic, J. Gumulka, R. Mueller, and J.R. Stork, Quantitative Determination of Linear Primary Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants in Environmental Samples by Thermospray LC/MS,Anal. Chem. 66:699–705 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lyon, P.A., F.W. Crow, K.B. Tomer, and M.L. Gross, Analysis of Cationic Surfactants by Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry with Fast Atom Bombardment,Ibid. 56:2278–2284 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wernery J.D., and D.A. Peake, The Effect of Surface Activity on Quantitation of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates by Fast-Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry,Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3:396–399 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Facino, R.M., M. Carini, P. Minghetti, G. Moneti, E. Arlandini, and S. Melis, Direct Analysis of Different Classes of Surfactants in Raw Materials and in Finished Detergent Formulations by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry,Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spectrometry 18:673–689 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Simms, J.R., T. Keough, S.R. Ward, B.L. Moore, and M.M. Bandurraga, Quantitative Determination of Trace Levels of Cationic Surfactants in Environmental Matrices using Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry,Anal. Chem. 60:2613–2620 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ikonomou, M.G., A.T. Blades, and P. Kebarle, Electrospray-Ion Spray: A Comparison of Mechanisms and Performance,Ibid. 63:1989–1998 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kebarle, P., and L. Tang, From Ions in Solution to Ions in the Gas Phase, The Mechanism of Electrospray Mass Spectrometry,Ibid. 65:972–986 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Procter and Gamble Far East, 658, Inc., Kobe, Japan

    I. Ogura, D. L. DuVal & S. Kawakami

  2. Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

    K. Miyajima

Authors
  1. I. Ogura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. D. L. DuVal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Kawakami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. K. Miyajima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

About this article

Cite this article

Ogura, I., DuVal, D.L., Kawakami, S. et al. Identification and quantitation of surfactants in consumer products by ion-spray mass spectrometry. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73, 137–142 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523461

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02523461

Key words

Search

Navigation