Abstract
The bilayer-forming capability of internal wool lipids and their physicochemical properties were studied in an attempt to enhance our understanding of the lipid structure, present in wool and other keratinized tissues. Internal wool lipids were extracted and analyzed, and the mixture obtained [sterol esters (10%), free fatty acids (24%), sterols (11%), ceramides (46%), and cholesteryl sulfate (9%)] was shown to form stable liposomes. A phase-transition temperature of 60°C was obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for this lipid mixture. The spontaneous permeability of these vesicles was lower than that of phosphatidylcholine liposomes but slightly higher than that of the vesicles formed with lipids extracted from other keratinized tissues with higher amounts of cholesterol. The transmission electron micrographs showed large vesicular aggregates of approximately 300 nm, which seem to be made up of smaller structures of approximately 20 nm in size. This particular structure could account for the large diameters and small internal volumes found by dynamic light-scattering and spectrofluorometric measurements.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Leeder, J.D., The Cell Membrane Complex and Its Influence on the Properties of the Wool Fibre,Wool Sci. Rev. 63:3–35 (1986).
Rivett, D.E, Structural Lipids of the Wool Fibre,67:1–15 (1991).
Coderch, L., A. de la Maza, C. Soriano, P. Erra, and J.L. Parra, Chromatographic Characterization of Internal Polar Lipids from Wool.,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72:715–720 (1995).
Körner, A., H. Höcker, and D.E. Rivet, The Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids from the Wool Cell Membrane Complex,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 344:501–509 (1992).
Elias, P. M., Epidermal Lipids, Membranes and Keratinization,Int. J. Dermatol. 20:1–19 (1981).
Wertz, P.W., W. Abraham, L. Landmann and D.T. Downing, Preparation of Liposomes from Stratum Corneum,J. Invest. Dermatol 87:582–584 (1986).
Downing, D.T., Lipid and Protein Structures in the Permeability Barrier of Mamalian Epidermis,J. Lipid Res. 33:301–314 (1992).
Körner, A., S. Petrovic, and H. Höcker, Cell Membrane Lipids of Wool and Human Hair Form LIposomes,Textile Res. J. 65:56–58 (1995).
de la Maza, A., and J.L. Parra, Solubilization of Phospholipid Bilayer Caused by Surfactants,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 70:699–706 (1993).
de la Maza, A., and J.L. Parra, Permeability Alterations in Unilamellar Liposomes Due to Betaine-Type Zwitterionic and Anionic Surfactant Mixed Systems70:685–691 (1993).
de la Maza A., and J.L. Parra, Vesicle-Micelle Structural Transition of Phosphatidylcholine Bilayers and Triton X-100,Biochem. J. 303:907–914 (1994).
de la Maza, A., and J.L. Parra, Solubilization of Unilamellar Liposomes by Betaine-Type Zwitterionic/Anionic Surfactant Systems,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 72:131–136 (1995).
de la Maza, A., A.M. Manich, L. Coderch, P. Bosch, and J.L. Parra, The Formation of Liposomesin vitro by Mixtures of Lipids Modeling the Composition of the Stratum Corneum,Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem, Eng. Aspects 101:9–19 (1995).
de la Maza, A., A.M. Manich, L. Coderch, J. Baucells, and J.L. Parra, Lipid Composition Influence on the Surfactant-Induced Release of the Contents in Liposomes Formed by Lipids Modelling the Stratum Corneum,Ibid. Eng. Aspects, in press, 1996.
Lopez, O., A. de la Maza, L. Coderch, and J.L. Parra, Formation and Characterization of Liposomes from Lipid/Proteic Material Extracted from Pig Stratum Corneum,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 73:443–448 (1996).
Weinstein, J.N., E. Ralston, L.D. Leserman, R.D. Klausner, P. Dragsten, P. Henkart, and R. Blumenthal, Self-Quenching of Carboxifluorescein Fluorescence: Uses in Studying Liposome Stability and Liposome Cell Interaction, inLiposome Technology Vol. III, edited by G. Gregoriadis, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, 1986, Chapter 13, pp. 183–204.
Gale, D.J., R.I. Logan, and D.E. Rivett, Detection of Desmosterol in the Internal Lipids of Wool Fibres,Textile Res. J. 57:539–542 (1987).
Leaver, I.H., D.M. Lewis, and D.J. Westmoreland, Analysis of Wool Lipids Using Thin-Layer Chromatography with Flame-Ionization Detection58:93–600 (1988).
Coderch, L., C. Soriano, A. Pinazo, J.L. Parra, and P. Erra, Degradative Wool Shrinkproofing Processes. Part II: Lipid Modification,62:704–709 (1992).
Coderch, L., and C. Soriano, Role of Treatment Medium in Degradative Wool Shrinkproofing Processes,63:369–370 (1993).
de la Maza, A., and J.L. Parra, Vesicle-Micelle Structural Transitions of Phospholipid Bilayers and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate,Langmuir 11:2435–2441 (1995).
Schwan, A., J. Herrling, and H. Zahn, Characterization of Internal Lipids from Wool,Colloid Polym. Sic. 264:171–175 (1986).
Scherphof, G.L., J. Damen, and J. Wilschut, Interaction of Liposomes with Plasma Proteins, inLiposome Technology, Vol. III, edited by G. Gregoriadis CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, 1986, Chapter 14, pp. 205–224.
Deamer, D.W., and P.S. Uster, Liposome Preparaton: Methods and Mechanisms, inLiposomes, edited by M.J. Ostro, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1983, pp. 27–51.
Kibat, P.G., and H. Stricker, Lagerungsstabilität von Liposomdispersionen aus Sojalecithinen,Pharm. Ind. 48:1184–1189 (1986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Coderch, L., de la Maza, A., Pinazo, A. et al. Physicochemical characteristics of liposomes formed with internal wool lipids. J Am Oil Chem Soc 73, 1713–1718 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02517977
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02517977