Summary
A simple two-species differential equation model is used to investigate the intrinsic metastability of forest ecosystems subjected to bark beetle infestations. We demonstrate that only one globally stable node or limit cycle is likely under biologically plausible conditions, but that, in the former case, this equilibrium is very sensitive to external perturbation.
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Berryman, A.A., Stenseth, N.C. & Wollkind, D.J. Metastability of forest ecosystems infested by bark beetles. Res Popul Ecol 26, 13–29 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515505
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02515505