Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

On the path to catalysts for the low-temperature ammonia synthesis

  • Reviews
  • Published:
Russian Chemical Bulletin Aims and scope

Abstract

A nontraditional approach to the development of catalysts for low-temperature ammonia synthesis is considered. The approach is characterized by application of catalysts representing heterogeneous analogs of the known homogeneous nitrogen-fixing systems based on transition metal compounds and strong electron donors. The use of this approach led to the development of catalysts that considerably surpass in their activity (at atmospheric pressure) the industrial catalyst for the ammonia synthesis. Some of the developed catalysts are active in the formation of ammonia from dinitrogen and dihidrogen even at 110–150°C. The mechanisms of activation and hydrogenation of dinitrogen over these new catalysts are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. E. Vol'pin and V. B. Shur,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1964,156, 1102 [Dokl. Chem., 1964 (Engl. Transl.)].

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. E. Vol'pin, V. B. Shur, and M. A. Ilatovskaya,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1964, 1728 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1964,13, 1644 (Engl. Transl.)].

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. D. Allen and C. V. Senoff,J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1965, 621.

  4. M. E. Vol'pin and V. B. Shur, inNew Trends in the Chemistry of Nitrogen Fixation, Eds. J. Chatt, L. M. da Câmara Pina, and R. L. Richards, Acad. Press, London, 1980, p. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  5. T. A. Bazhenova and A. E. Shilov,Coord. Chem. Rev., 1995,144, 69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. M. Hidai and Y. Mizobe,Chem. Rev., 1995,95, 1115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. M. E. Vol'pin, M. A. Ilatovskaya, E. I. Larikov, M. L. Khidekel', Yu. A. Shvetsov, and V. B. Shur,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1965,164, 331 [Dokl. Chem., 1965 (Engl. Transl.)].

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yu. A. Shvetsov, L. G. Korableva, G. N. Nechiporenko, M. A. Ilatovskaya, and M. L. Khidekel,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1968,178, 400 [Dokl. Chem., 1968 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. E. Vol'pin and V. B. Shur, inOrganometallic Reactions, Eds. E. Becker and M. Tsutsui, Wiley, New York, 1970,1, 55.

    Google Scholar 

  10. M. E. Vol'pin, M. A. Ilatovskaya, and V. B. Shur,Kinet. Katal., 1970,11, 333 [Kinet. Catal., 1970,11 (Engl. Transl.)].

    Google Scholar 

  11. M. Sudo, M. Ichikawa, M. Soma, T. Onishi, and K. Tamaru,J. Phys. Chem., 1969,73, 1174.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Ichikawa, T. Kondo, K. Kawase, M. Sudo, M. Soma, T. Onishi, and K. Tamuru,J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 176.

  13. Yu. N. Novikov and M. E. Vol'pin,Usp. Khim., 1971,40, 1568 [Russ. Chem. Rev., 1971,40 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V. A. Postnikov, L. M. Dmitrienko, R. F. Ivanova, N. L. Dobrolyubova, M. A. Golubeva, T. I. Gapeeva, Yu. N. Novikov, V. B. Shur, and M. E. Vol'pin,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1975, 2642 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1975,24 (Engl. Transl.)].

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. V. Nefed'ev, R. A. Stukan, V. A. Postnikov, V. B. Shur, Yu. N. Novikov, and M. E. Vol'pin,Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1976, 2376 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1976,25 (Engl. Transl.)].

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. E. Vol'pin, Yu. N. Novikov, V. A. Postnikov, V. B. Shur, B. Bayerl, L. Kaden, M. Wahren, L. M. Dmitrienko, R. A. Stukan, and A. V. Nefed'ev,Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1977,428, 231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. W. G. Frankenburg,Catalysis, 1955,3, 186.

    Google Scholar 

  18. A. Ozaki, K. Aika, and H. Hori,Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1971,44, 3216.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Aika, H. Hori, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1972,27, 424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Aika, I. Yamaguchi, and A. Ozaki,Chem. Lett., 1973, 161.

  21. K. Urabe, K. Aika, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1974,32, 108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. K. Aika and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1974,35, 61.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. M. Oh-Kita, K. Aika, K. Urabe, and A. Ozaki,J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 147.

  24. K. Urabe, K. Aika, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1975,38, 430.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. K. Urabe, K. Aika, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1976,42, 197.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Oh-Kita, K. Aika, K. Urabe, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1976,44, 460.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Urabe, K. Shiratori, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1978,55, 71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Ohya, K. Urabe, and A. Ozaki,Chem. Lett., 1978, 233.

  29. A. Ohya, K. Urabe, K. Aika, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1979,58, 313.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Ozaki,Acc. Chem. Res., 1981,14, 16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Ozaku and K. Aika, inA Treatise of Dinitrogen Fixation, Eds. R. W. F. Hardy, F. Bottomley, and R. C. Burns, Wiley, New York, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  32. L. D. Kuznetsova, L. M. Dmitrienko, P. D. Rabina, and Yu. A. Sokolinskii,Sintez ammiaka [Ammonia Synthesis], Khimiya, Moscow, 1982 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  33. K. Tamaru, inNew Trends in the Chemistry of Nitrogen Fixation, Eds. J. Chatt, L. M. da Câmara Pina, and R. L. Richards, Acad. Press, London, 1980, p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  34. M. Ishizuka, K. Aika, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1970,16, 97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. R. L. Richards, inNew Trends in the Chemistry of Nitrogen Fixation, Eds. J. Chatt, L. M. da Câmara Pina, and R. L. Richards, Acad. Press, London, 1980, p. 199.

    Google Scholar 

  36. V. V. Karpov and G. I. Kozub,Kinet. Katal., 1976,17, 1334 [Kinet. Catal., 1976,17 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, and M. E. Vol'pin,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1984,277, 884 [Dokl. Chem., 1984 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, S. Rummel, M. Wahren, and M. E. Vol'pin,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1987,292, 1409 [Dokl. Chem., 1987 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, E. S. Kalyuzhnaya, and M. E. Vol'pin,Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1991,320, 353 [Dokl. Chem., 1991 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, V. K. Puri, H. Mahapatra, B. Sen, D. K. Mukhergee, E. S. Kalyuzhnaya, I. A. Fokina, V. A. Likholobov, and M. E. Vol'pin,Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1992, 1452 [Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci., Div. Chem. Sci., 1992, 1137 (Engl. Transl.)].

  41. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, and V. A. Likholobov,The 14th International Conference on Catalysis (The Taniguchi Foundation), November 5–10, 1995, Kobe, Japan, Abstracts, p. 9.

  42. S. M. Yunusov, V. A. Likholobov, and V. B. Shur,Appl. Cat. A: General, 1997,158, L35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. M. Yunusov, B. L. Moroz, A. S. Ivanova, V. A. Likholobov, and V. B. Shur,J. Molec. Catal. A: Chemical, 1998, in press.

  44. S. M. Yunusov, E. S. Kalyuzhnaya, H. Mahapatra, V. K. Puri, V. A. Likholobov, and V. B. Shur,J. Molec. Catal. A: Chemical, 1998, in press.

  45. Yu. I. Yermakov, V. F. Surovikin, G. V. Plaksin, V. A. Semikolenov, V. A. Likholobov, L. V. Chuvilin, and S. V. Bogdanov,React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1987,32, 435.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. V. A. Likholobov, V. B. Fenelonov, L. G. Okkel, O. V. Goncharova, L. V. Avdeeva, V. I. Zaikovskii, G. G. Kuvshinov, V. A. Semikolenov, N. K. Duplyakin, O. N. Baklanova, and G. V. Plaksin,React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1995,54, 381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. K. Aika, and S. Murata,J. Catal., 1992,136, 126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, M. A. Ilatovskaya, S. Rummel, and M. E. Vol'pin,Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1994,336, 631 [Dokl. Chem., 1994 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. V. B. Shur, S. M. Yunusov, M. A. Ilatovskaya, S. Rummel, and M. E. Vol'pin,Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1994,336, 789 [Dokl. Chem., 1994 (Engl. Transl.)].

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A. Ozaki, K. Urabe, K. Shimazaki, and S. Sumiya,Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 1979,3 (Prep. Catal 2), 381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. K. Aika, K. Shimazaki, Y. Hattory, A. Ohya, S. Ohshima, K. Shirota, and A. Ozaki,J. Catal., 1985,92, 296.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. K. Aika, A. Ohya, A. Ozaki, Y. Inoue, and I. Yasumory,J. Catal., 1985,92, 305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J. J. McCarrol, S. R. Tennison, and N. P. Wilkinson, UK Patent, 2136704A (1984).

  54. K. Aika, T. Kawahara, S. Murata, and T. Onishi,Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1990,63, 1221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Chem. Eng. NY, 1993, March, 19.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 ul. Vavilova, 117813, Moscow, Russian Federation

    V. B. Shur & S. M. Yunusov

Authors
  1. V. B. Shur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. M. Yunusov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 796–806, May, 1998.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Shur, V.B., Yunusov, S.M. On the path to catalysts for the low-temperature ammonia synthesis. Russ Chem Bull 47, 765–776 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02498142

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02498142

Key words

Search

Navigation