Summary
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with electron impact ionization (EI), are compared for the determination of eight pesticides in oranges. Seven of the selected pesticides, chlorpyriphos, chlorpyriphos-methyl, imazalil, α and β-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate and dicofol, are commonly determined by GC whereas one, thiabendazole, can only be directly determined by LC. Primary ions [M-H]− or [M-Cl+O]− are obtained using LC-APCI-MS in negative ionization (NI) mode. In contrast, a high degree of fragmentation is reported with GC-MS. Both techniques were applied to oranges, which had been previously extracted with ethyl acetate and anhydrous sodium sulphate. The data indicate equivalent detection limits that range from 0.01 to 0.1 mgkg−1 and similar degree of specificity. Mean recoveries ranged from 82% for α-endosulfant to 96% for imazalil, with relative standard deviation ranging from 7 to 17%.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Seiber, J.N.; Woodrow, J.D.; David, M.D. InChromatographic Analysis of Environmental and Food Toxicants: Shibamoto, T., Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York1998.
Van der Hoff, G.R.; Van Zoonen, P.,J. Chromatogr. A 1999,843, 301–322.
Mañes, J.; Font, G.; Picó, Y.; Moltó, J.C. In:Handbook of Food Analysis: Nollet, L.M.L., Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York,1996.
Liska, I.; Slobodnik, J.,J. Chromatogr. A 1996,733, 235–258.
Agüera, A.; Fernández Alba, A.R.,Analusis 1998,26, M123-M130.
Fernández, M.; Picó, Y.; Mañes, J.,J. Chromatogr. A 2000,871, 43–56.
Di Corcia, A.; Crescenzi, C.; Laganá, A.J. Agric. Food. Chem. 1996,44, 1930–1942.
Nunes, G.S.; Ribeiro, M.L.; Polese, L.; Barceló, D.,J. Chromatogr. A 1998,795, 43–51.
Honing, M.; Rius, J.; Barceló, D.; Van Barr, B.L.M.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.,J. Chromatogr. A 1996,733, 283–294.
Lacassie, E.; Dreyfuss, M.F.; Daguet, J.L.; Vignaud, M.; Marquet, P.; Lachâtre, G.,J. Chromatogr. A 1999,830, 135–143.
Valenzuela, A.I.; Picó, Y.; Front, G.,Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom 2000,14, 572–577.
Miliadis, G.E.; Tsiropoulos, N.G.; Aplada-Salis, G.P.;J. Cromatogr. A 1999,835, 113–120.
Barnes, K.A.; Fussell, R.J.; Startin, J.R.; Pegg, M.K.; Thorpe, S.A.; Reynolds, S.L.,Rapid. Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1997,11, 117–123.
Sannino, A; Bandini, M.; Bolzoni, L.,J. AOAC Int. 1999, 82, 1229–1238.
Crescenzi, C.; Di Corcia, A.; Guerriero, E.; Samperi, R.,Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997,31, 1658–1663.
Hogenboom, A.C.; Hofman, M.P.; Kok, S.J.; Niessen, W.M.A.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.,J. Chromatogr. A 2000,892, 379–390.
Lacassie, E; Dreyfuss, M.F.; Daguet, J.L.; Vignaud, M.; Marquet, P.; Lachâtre, G.J. Chromatogr. A 1998, 805, 319–326.
Torres, C.M.; Picó, Y.; Mañes, J.,J. Chromatogr. A 1995,41, 685–692.
Schachterle, S.; Feigel, C.,J. Chromatogr. A 1996,754, 411–422.
Sannino, A.,J AOAC Int 1998,81, 1048–1053.
Slobodnik, J; Van Baar, B.L.M.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.J. Chromatogr. A 1995,703, 81–121.
Bruins, A.P.,Trends Anal. Chem. 1994,13, 81–90.
Picó, Y.; Font, G.; Moltó, J.C.; Mañes, J.J. Chromatogr. A 2000,882, 153–173.
Aguilar, C.; Ferrer, I.; Borrull, F.; Marcé, R.M.; Barceló, D.,Anal Chim. Acta 1999,386, 237–248.
Slobodnik, J.; Hogenboom, A.C.; Vreuls, J.J.; Rontree, J.A.; van Baar, B.L.M.; Niessen, W.M.A.; Brinkman, U.A.Th.,J. Chromatogr. A 1996,741, 59–74.
Kawasaki, S.; Ueda, H.; Itoh, H.; Tadano, J.J. Chromatogr. A 1996,754, 61–76.
Fernández, M.; Rodríguez, R.; Picó, Y.; Mañes, J.,J. Chromatogr. A 2001,912, 301–310.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fernández, M., Pico, Y. & Mañes, J. Comparison of gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the residue analysis of pesticides in organges. Chromatographia 54, 302–308 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492674
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02492674