Abstract
The genusCrepidiastrum is distributed in East Asia and includes 7 species. In the Bonin Islands, three species ofCrepidiastrum occur, and all of them are endemic to the islands. For detecting the origin and speciation of these endemic species, electrophoretic studies have been done in three endemic species of the Bonin Islands as well as in the remaining four species ofCrepidiastrum, andYoungia denticulata which is considered to be closely related toCrepidiastrum.
A total of 386 individuals were sampled from 14 populations. As a result, 17 loci of 10 enzyme systems were resolved and gene frequencies for each population were calculated. The genetic variability was low in island species, as reported in some oceanic island plants. Four groups were recognized in the dendrogram generated by the UPGMA method. The Bonin endemics were clustered together, suggesting a monophyletic origin.C. ameristophyllum andC. linguaefolium were found to be genetically very similar, and this may suggest recent and rapid speciation within the islands.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cardy, B.J., C.W. Stuber and M.M. Goodman. 1981. Techniques for starch gel electrophoresis of enzyme from maize (Zea mays), revised. Inst. Stat. Mimeogr. Ser.1317, North Carolina State Univ.
Carlquist, S. 1974. Island Biology, Columbia Univ. Press, New York.
Crawford, D.J. 1983. Phylogenetic and systematic inferences from electrophoretic studies.In S.D. Tanksley and T.J. Orton, ed., Isozymes in Plant Genetics and Breeding, Part A, pp. 257–287. Elsever, New York.
—,R. Whitkus andT.F. Stuessy. 1987. Plant evolution and speciation on oceanic islands.In K. Urbanska, ed., Differentiation Pattern in Higher Plants, pp. 183–199. Academic Press, London.
Gottlieb, L. D. 1977. Electrophoretic evidence and plant systematics. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard.64: 161–180.
— 1981. Electrophoretic evidence and plant populations. Prog. Phytochem.7: 1–45.
— 1982. Conservation and duplication of isozymes in plants. Science216: 373–380.
Helenurm, K. andF.R. Ganders. 1985. Adaptative radiation and genetic differentiation in HawaiianBidens. Evolution39: 753–765.
Kimura, M. 1983. The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
— andT. Ohta. 1971. Protein polymorphism as a phase of molecular evolution. Nature229: 467–469.
Kitamura, S. 1955. Compositae Japonicae, Pars Quarta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Univ. Kyoto, Ser. B,22: 77–126.
Lowrey, T.K. andD.J. Crawford. 1985. Allozyme diversity and evolution inTetramolopium (Compositae: Astereae) on the Hawaiian Islands. Syst. Bot.10: 64–72.
Nei, M. 1972. Genetic distance between population. Amer. Natur.106: 283–292.
— 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Columbia University Press, New York.
Nishioka, T. 1956. Karyotype analysis in Japanese Cichoriae. Bot. Mag. Tokyo69: 586–592.
Odryzykoski, I.J. andL.D. Gottlieb. 1984. Duplication of genes coding 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase inClarkia (Onagraceae) and their phylogenetic implications. Syst. Bot.9: 479–489.
Ono, H. andS. Nagai. 1958. The hybrid ofCrepidiastrum platyphyllum andC. keiskeanum. Jap. J. Genetics33: 12–55.
Ono M. 1975. Chromosome numbers of some endemic species of the Bonin Islands. I. Bot. Mag. Tokyo88: 323–328.
— 1985. Speciation and distribution ofPittosporum in the Bonin Islands.In H. Hara, ed., Evolution and Diversity in Plant and Plant Communities, pp. 7–17, Academic Scientific Book, Tokyo.
— andS. Kobayashi. 1985. Flowering plants endemic to the Bonin Islands.In M. Ono and K. Okutomi, ed., Endemic Plants Species and Vegetation of Bonin Islands, pp. 1–96, Aboc-sha, Kamakura (In Japanese).
Porter, D.M. 1978. Endemism and evolution in Galapagos Islands vascular plant.In D. Bramwell, ed., Plants and Islands, pp. 225–258, Academic Press, London.
Skottsberg, C. 1956. Derivation of the flora and fauna of the Juan Fernandez and Easter islands; part 1, the Juan Fernandez Islands. Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez and Easter Islands1: 193–405.
Sneath, P.H. andR.R. Sokal. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
Soltis, D.E., C.H. Haufler, D.C. Darrow andG.J. Gastony. 1983. Starch gel electrophoresis of fern: a compilation of grinding buffers, gel and electrode buffers, and staining schedules. Amer. Fern J.73: 9–27.
Soltis, P.S. andD.E. Soltis. 1987. Population structure and estimates of gene flow in the homosporous fernPolystichum munitum. Evolution41: 620–629.
Witter, M.S. andG.D. Carr. 1988. Adaptative radiation and genetic differentiation in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae: Madiinae). Evolution42: 1278–1287.
Yahara, T., T. Kawahara, D.J. Crawford, M. Ito andK. Watanabe. 1989. Extensive gene duplications in diploidEupatorium (Asteraceae). Amer. J. Bot.76: 1247–1253.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ito, M., Ono, M. Allozyme diversity and the evolution ofCrepidiastrum (Compositae) on the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands. Bot Mag Tokyo 103, 449–459 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491263
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02491263