Skip to main content
Log in

Variation in mechanical properties of natural and recycled aggregate concrete as related to the strength of their binding mortar

  • Scientific Reports
  • Published:
Materials and Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Experimental work was performed to study the effect of binding mortar strength on the mechanical properties of recycled natural aggregate concrete mixes as well as reference corresponding natural aggregate concrete mixes. The moduli of elasticity of both NAC and RAC were found to be higher than that of corresponding mortar by about 40% and 10% respectively, for all compressive strengths investigated. It was possible to reach compressive strength for RAC of 53.5 MPa. The ratios of compressive strength of NAC or RAC to that of mortar varied between (1.05–1.56) and (1.02–1.26) respectively, these ratios decreased with the increase in compressive strength. Also from the results of compressive strength, it was found that the ratios cylinder/cube compressive strengths of RAC and mortar were smaller than those of NAC. The ranges of values obtained were (0.71–0.84) and (0.69–0.75) for RAC and mortar respectively, while for NAC this ratio ranged between (0.81–0.92), these values were obtained for compressive strengths ranging between 15 to 55 MPa. It was found that it is better to relate the cylinder/cube strength ratio to the modulus of elasticity of the concrete or mortar rather than to its compressive strength. The flexural strength showed an opposite trend, the ratios of NAC and RAC to that of mortar ranged between (0.72–0.95)% and (0.61–0.80)% respectively. These ratios increased with the decrease in compressive strength of mortars. On the other hand, the splitting tensile strength of NAC was higher than that of RAC and mortar for all strength levels investigated. The ratio of NAC to mortar splitting tensile strength ranged between (1.13–1.69), while this ratio for RAC ranged between (0.87–1.36). Finally, several regressions were developed that can relate the mechanical properties of the three materials investigated.

Résumé

Un travail expérimental a été réalisé pour étudier l’effet de la résistance à la compression de mortiers avec liant sur les propriétés mécaniques de mélanges de bétons recyclés et de mélanges de bétons de référence élaborés à partir de granulats naturels. Les modules d’élasticité des bétons de granulats naturels et recyclés se sont avérés plus élevés que celui d’un mortier de référence, respectivement de 40 et 10%, pour toutes les résistances à la compression étudiées. La résistance à la compression des bétons de granulats recyclés a pu atteindre 53,5 MPa. Les rapports entre les résistances à la compression des mélanges de bétons naturels ou recyclés et celle du mortier ont varié de (1,05–1,56) à (1,02–1,26), respectivement; ces rapports baissaient en fonction de la hausse de la résistance à la compression. On a également trouvé à partir des résultats d’essais de résistance à la compression, que les rapports de résistance à la compression de cylindres ou cubes de mortiers et bétons de granulats recyclés étaient inférieurs à ceux des bétons de granulats naturels. Les valeurs obtenues allaient de (0,71–0,84) à (0,69–0,75), respectivement pour les bétons de granulats recyclés et les mortiers, contre (0,81–0,92) pour les bétons de granulats naturels; ces valeurs étaient obtenues pour des résistances à la compression comprises entre 15 et 55 MPa. On a établi qu’il était préférable de mettre en relation le rapport de résistance des cylindres ou cubes avec le module d’élasticité du béton ou mortier plutôt qu’avec sa résistance à la compression. La résistance à la traction a mené à une tendance contraire: les rapports des bétons de granulats naturels et recyclés étaient compris respectivement entre (0,72–0,95)% et (0,61–0,80)%. Ces rapports ont augmenté avec la baisse de résistance à la compression des mortiers. D’autre part, la résistance à la traction par fendage des bétons de granulats naturels était plus élevée que celle des bétons de granulats recyclés et des mortiers pour toutes les résistances étudiées. Les rapports de résistance à la traction par fendage pour les bétons de granulats naturels allaient de 1,13 à 1,69, contre (0,87–1,36) pour les bétons de granulats recyclés. Enfin, plusieurs régressions mettant en relation les propriétés mécaniques des trois matériaux étudiés ont été développées.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Ecm, Ecn, Ecr :

Modulus of elasticity of mortar, NAC, RAC, respectively

f′cm, f′cn, f′cr :

Cylinder compressive strength of mortar, NAC, RAC, respectively

frm, fm, frr :

Modulus of rupture of mortar, NAC, RAC, respectively

ftm, ftn, ftr :

Splitting tensile strength of mortar, NAC, RAC, respectively

R:

Ratio of cylinder to cube compressive strength

r:

Coefficient of correlation

References

  1. Environmental Resources Limited, ‘Demolition waste—an examination of the arising, end uses and disposal of demolition wastes in Europe and the potential for further recovery of materials from these wastes’, a report prepared for EEC, DG-12. Environmental resources limited (Construction Press, London, 1980).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Wilson, D.G., Foley, P., Wiesman, R. and Frondistou-Yannas, S., ‘Demolition debris quantities, composition and possibilities for recycling’, Proceedings of the Fifth Mineral Waste Utilization Symposium, Chicago, April 1976.

  3. Yoshikane, T., ‘The instances of concrete recycled for base coarse material in Japan’, Proceedings of the second International RILEM Symposium on Demolition and Reuse of Concrete and Masonry, Tokyo, 1988 (Chapman and Hall Ltd., London-New York, 1988) 756–765.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Hansen, T.C., ‘Recycled aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete’, Second state-of-the-art report, RILEM TC-DRC.Mater. Struct. 19, (111) (May–June 1986) 201–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ravindrarajah, R.S. and Tam, T.C., ‘Methods of improving the quality of recycled aggregate concrete’, Proc. of the 2nd International RILEM Symposium on Demolition and Reuse of Concrete and Masonry, Tokyo, Japan, 1988, 575–589.

  6. Tavakoli, M. and Soroushian, P., ‘Strength of recycled concrete made from crushed concrete coarse aggregate,’Concrete International 5 (1) (Jan. 1983) 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  7. ASTM Standard, ‘Cement, lime and gypsum’, Part 04.01.

  8. ASTM Standard, ‘Concrete and Aggregate’, Part 04.02.

  9. Zhou, F.P., Lydon, F.D. and Barr, B.I. ‘Effect of coarse aggregate on elastic modulus and compressive strength of high performance concrete’,Cement and Concrete Research 25 (1) (1995) 177–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhang, M.H. and Gjørv, O.E., ‘Mechanical properties of high strength light weight concrete’,ACI material Journal 88 (3), (May–June 1991) 240–247.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Oloukun, F.A., Burdette, E.G. and Deatherage, J.H., ‘Elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio and compressive strength relationships at early ages’,ACI Material Journal 88 (Jan.–Feb. 1991) 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Simmons, J.C., ‘Poisson’s ratio of concrete: a comparison of dynamic and static measurements’,Magazine of Concrete Research (July 1959), 61–68.

  13. L’Hermite, R., ‘Idées actuelles sur la technologie du béton, documentation’, Technique du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics (Paris, 1955).

  14. Swamy, R.N., ‘Study of micro mechanical behavior of concrete using reflective photo elasticity’.Mater. Struct. RILEM 4 (24) (Nov.–Dec. 1971), 357–370.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Jones, R. and Kaplan, M.F., ‘The effect of coarse aggregate on the mode of failure of concrete in compression and flexure’,Magazine of Concrete Research,9 (26) (Aug. 1957) 89–94.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Neville, A.M., ‘Properties of concrete’ (Pitman Publishing, 2nd edition. London, 1973).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Giacco, G., Rocco, C., Violini, D., Zappitelli, J. and Zerbino, R., ‘High strength concrete incorporating different coarse aggregate’,ACI material Journal 89 (3) (May–June 1992) 242–246.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Avram, C., Facaoaru, I., Filimon, I., Mirsu, O. and Tertea, I., ‘Concrete Strength and Strains’ (Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Vol. 3, Romania, 1981) 558 p.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hughes, B.P. and Chapman, G.P., ‘The deformation of concrete and micro concrete in compression and tension with particular reference to aggregate size,’Magazine of Concrete Research 18 (54) (March–April 1966) 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Tavakoli, M. and Soroushian, P., ‘Strength of recycled concrete made from crushed concrete coarse aggregate’,Concrete International 5 (1), (Jan. 1983) 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Short, A. and Kinniburgh, W., ‘Light Weight Concrete’ (Applied Science Publishers Ltd., 3rd edition, London, 1978) 158.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kheder, G.F., Al-Windawi, S.A. Variation in mechanical properties of natural and recycled aggregate concrete as related to the strength of their binding mortar. Mat. Struct. 38, 701–709 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484315

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484315

Keywords

Navigation