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Low-volume wet-process sprayed concrete: pumping and spraying

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Abstract

This paper, which reports on part of a three-year research project into wet-process sprayed concrete for repair, examines the influence of rheology on the pumping and spraying of fine concretes. The performance of ten laboratory-designed fine concretes were examined using a rotational viscometer, the slump test, a build test and a vane shear strength test. Visual grading and a sorptivity test were used to quantify the degree of reinforcement encasement which is a crucial factor in long term performance. Taken together, these tests form a rheological audit of each concrete which can help guide the design of sprayable, but also durable concretes. The two-point apparatus was successful for determining the flow resistance and torque viscosity of fine aggregate concretes, including those with air entrainment. The vane shear strength test was successful in providing an instantaneous reading of the shear strength of the concretes and is compared with their slump. The concretes were pumped and sprayed through a piston pump to assess their suitability and to measure their adhesion to a substrate by build thickness. This value is a measure of sprayability and is converted into values of maximum shear and tensile stress which are then compared with the workability parameters in order to determine their inter-relationship. These relationships are also compared with those obtained from a separated study of mortars. On its own, the sorptivity test did not accurately assess the encapsulation of the reinforcement. However, when considered with a visual grading of the cores, a more reliable indication can be obtained of the potential durability of the finished concrete, as well as the degree of encapsulation of the reinforcement. We demonstrate the conflict in selecting mix proportions that satisfy requirements for both installation and product quality.

Résumé

Cet article, qui rend partiellement compte d'un projet de recherche de trois ans, sur du béton pulvérisé selon le procédé par voie humide à des fins de réparation, examine l'influence de la rhéologie sur le pompage et la pulvérisation des bétons fins. Le comportement de dix bétons fins conçus en laboratoire a été examiné en utilisant un viscomètre de rotation, l'essai de récession, un essai de construction et un essai de résistance au cisaillement de palette. L'évaluation visuelle et un essai de sorption ont été employés pour mesurer le degré d'encoffrement qui est un facteur crucial pour le comportement à long terme. Pris ensemble, ces essais forment un audit rhéologique de chaque béton qui peut aider à guider la conception de bétons pulvérisables, mais également durables. L'appareil à deux points a permis de déterminer la viscosité, en matière de résistance à l'écoulement et de couple, de bétons de granulats fins, y compris ceux avec l'entraînement d'air. L'essai de résistance au cisaillement de palette a réussi à fournir une lecture instantanée de la résistance au cisaillement des bétons et est comparé à leur récession. Les bétons ont été pompés et pulvérisés par une pompe à piston pour évaluer leur convenance et pour mesurer leur adhérence à un substrat par épaisseur de construction. Cette valeur est une mesure de pulvérisation et est convertie en valeurs du cisaillement maximum et de l'effort de tension qui sont alors comparés aux paramètres de fabricabilité afin de déterminer leur corrélation. Ces rapports sont également comparés à ceux ebtenus à partir d'une étude séparée des mortiers. Seul, l'essai de sorption n'a pas exactement évalué l'encapsulation du renfort. Cependant, une fois considérée avec une évaluation visuelle des noyaux, une indication plus fiable peut être obtenue de la longévité potentielle du béton fini, aussi bien que le degré d'encapsulation du renfort. Nous démontrons le conflit en choisissant les proportions de mélange qui répondent à des exigences relatives à l'installation et à la qualité du produit.

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Austin, S.A., Goodier, C.I. & Robins, P.J. Low-volume wet-process sprayed concrete: pumping and spraying. Mat. Struct. 38, 229–237 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02479348

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