Skip to main content
Log in

Protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus and cell type-specificity of cell surface glycoconjugate expression: analysis by the protein A-gold and lectin-gold techniques

  • Review
  • Published:
Histochemistry and Cell Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

High resolution immunolabeling applying the protein A-gold technique and carbohydrate cytochemistry using lectin-gold labeling on Lowicryl K4M and thawed-frozen thin sections are most useful approaches for the detection of protein antigens and lectin binding sites in intracellular organelles and the plasma membrane. They provided the basis for modern electron microscopic studies on protein gylcosylation reactions and the identification of their subcellular localization as reviewed here. These studies have demonstrated organelle subcompartments and the cell type-specific compartmentation of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus-associated glycosylation reactions. The other subject reviewed in this paper is cell surface glycoconjugates, as they are expressed in relation to specific cell types present in various organs and during cellular differentiation processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Acetarin JD, Carlemalm E, Kellenberger E, Villiger W (1987) Correlation of some mechanical properties of embedding resins with their behaviour in microtomy. J Electron Microsc Tech 6:63–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcaraz G, Goridis C (1991) Biosynthesis and processing of polysialylated NCAM by AtT-20 cells. Eur J Cell Biol 55:165–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bergeron JJM, Paiement J, Khan MN, Smith CE (1985) Terminal glycosylation in rat hepatic Golgi fractions: heterogeneous locations for sialic acid and galactose acceptors and their transferases. Biochim Biophys Acta 821:393–403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brada D, Dubach UC (1984) Isolation of a homogeneous glucosidase II from pig kidney microsomes. Eur J Biochem 141:149–156

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brada D, Kerjaschki D, Roth J (1990) Cell type-specific post-Golgi apparatus localization of a “resident” endoplasmic reticulum glycoprotein, glucosidase II. J Cell Biol 110:309–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breen KC, Regan CM (1988) Developmental control of NCAM sialylation state by Golgi sialyltransferase isoforms. Development 104:147–155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bretz R, Bretz H, Palade GE (1980) Distribution of terminal glycosyltransferases in hepatic Golgi fractions. J Cell Biol 84:87–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown D, Roth J, Orci L (1985) Lectin-gold cytochemistry reveals intercalated cell heterogeneity along rat kidney collecting ducts. Am J Physiol 248:C348-C356

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns DM, Touster O (1982) Purification and characterization of glucosidase II, an endoplasmic reticulum hydrolase involved in glycoprotein biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 257:9991–10000

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlemalm E, Garavito RM, Villiger W (1982) Resin development for electron microscopy and an analysis of embedding at low temperature. J Microsc 126:123–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlemalm E, Colliex C, Kellenberger E (1985) Contrast formation in electron microscopy of biological material. In: Hawkes PW (ed) Advances in electronics and electron physics. Academic Press, New York, pp 269–334

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang ML, Eddy RL, Shows TB, Lau JTY (1995) Three genes that encode human beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferases. Structural analysis and chromosomal mapping studies. Glycobiology 5:319–325

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charest PM, Roth J (1985) Localization of sialic acid in kidney glomeruli: regionalization in the podocyte plasma membrane and loss in experimental nephrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82:8508–8512

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Helenius J, Braakman I, Helenius A (1995) Contranslational folding and calnexin binding during glycoprotein synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6229–6233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deschuyteneer M, Eckhardt AE, Roth J, Hill RL (1988) The subcellular localization of apomucin and nonreducing terminalN-acetylgalactosamie in procine submaxilar glands. J Biol Chem 263:2452–2459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunphy WG, Rothman JE (1983) Compartmentation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing in the Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol 97:270–275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunphy WG, Fries E, Urbani LJ, Rothman JE (1981) Early and late functions associated with the Golgi apparatus reside in distinct compartments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:7453–7456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt AE, Timpte CS, Abernethy JL, Toumadje A, Johnson WC Jr, Hill RL (1987) Structural properties of porcine submaxillary gland apomucin. J Biol Chem 262:11339–11344

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckhardt M, Mühlenhoff M, Bethe A, Koopman J, Frosch M, Gerrady-Schahn R (1995) Molecular characterization of eukaryotic polysialyltransferase-1. Nature 373:715–718

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gersten KM, Natsuka S, Trinchera M, Petryniak B, Kelly RJ, Hiraiwa N, Jenkins NA, Gilbert DJ, Copeland NG, Lowe JB (1995) Molecular cloning, expression, chromosomal assignment, and tissue-specific expression of a murine alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferase locus corresponding to the human ELAM-1 ligand fucosyl transferase. J Biol Chem 270:25047–25056

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geuze HJ, Slot JW, Schefer RCT, Ley PA van der (1981) Use of colloidal gold particles in double-labeling immunoelectron microscopy of ultrathin frozen tissue sections. J Cell Biol 89:653–665

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg DE, Kornfeld S (1983) Evidence for extensive subcellular organization of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing and lysosomal enzyme phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 258:3159–3165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein IJ, Poretz RD (1986) Isolation, physicochemical characterization, and carbohydrate-binding specificity of lectins. In: Liener IE, Sharon N, Goldstein IJ (eds). The lectins. Properties, functions and applications in biology and medicine. Academic Press, Orlando, pp 35–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths G, Brands R, Burke B, Louvard D, Warren G (1982) Viral membrane proteins acquire galactose intrans Golgi cisternae during intracellular transport. J Cell Biol 95:781–792

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths G, Simons K, Warren G, Tokuyasu KT (1983) Immunoelectron microscopy using thin, frozen sections: application to studies of the intracellular transport of Semliki Forest virus spike glycoproteins. Methods Enzymol 96:446–485

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammarström S, Kabat EA (1969) Purification and characterization of a blood group A reactive hemagglutinin from the snailHelix pomatia and a study of its combining site. Biochemistry 8:2696–2705

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond C, Helenius A (1994) Quality control in the secretory pathway: retention of a misfolded viral membrane glycoprotein involves cycling between the ER, intermediate compartment, and Golgi apparatus. J Cell Biol 126:41–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanover JA, Lennarz WJ (1981) Transmembrane assembly of membrane and secretory glycoproteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 21:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Holthöfer H, Virtanen I (1987) Glycosylation of developing human glomeruli: lectin binding sites during cell induction and maturation. J Histochem Cytochem 35:33–37

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holthöfer H, Virtaanen I, Pettersson E, Törnroth T, Alfthan O, Linder E, Miettinen A (1981) Lectins as fluorescence microscopic markers for saccharides in human kidney. Lab Invest 45:391–399

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jass JR, Roberton AM (1994) Colorectal mucin histochemistry in health and disease: a critical review. Pathol Int 44:487–504

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jass JR, Allison LJ, Edgar SG (1995) Distribution of sialosyl Tn and Tn antigens within normal and malignant colorectal epithelium. J Pathol 176:143–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DC, Spear PG (1983)O-linked oligosaccharides are acquired byHerpes simplex virus glycoproteins in the Golgi apparatus. Cell 32:987–997

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanwar YS, Faruhar MG (1979) Anionic sites in the glomerular basement membrane. In vivo and in vitro localization to the lamine rarae by cationic probes. J Cell Biol 81:137–153

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kellenberger E, Villiger W, Carlemalm E (1986) The influence of the surface relief of thin sections of embedded, unstained biological material on image quality. Micron 4:331–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellenberger E, Dürrenberger M, Villiger W, Carlemalm E, Wurtz M (1987) The efficiency of immunolabel on Lowicryl sections compared to theoretical predictions. J Histochem Cytochem 35:959–969

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kerjaschki D, Sharky DJ, Farquhar MG (1984) Identification and characterization of podocalyxin— the major sialoprotein of the renal glomerular epithelial cell. J Cell Biol 98:1591–1596

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kitagawa H, Paulson JC (1994) Differential expression of five sialyltransferase genes in human tissues. J Biol Chem 269:17872–17878

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kjeldsen T, Clausen H, Hirohashi S, Ogawa T, Iijima H, Hakomori S (1988) Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed to the tumor-associatedO-linked sialosyl-2-6-αN-acetylgalactosaminyl (sialosyl-Tn) epitope. Cancer Res 48:2214–2220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knibbs RN, Goldstein IJ, Ratcliffe RM, Shibuya N (1991) Characterization of the carbohydrate binding specificity of the leuko-agglutinating lectin fromMaackia amurensis: comparison with other sialic acid-specific lectins. J Biol Chem 266:83–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kornfeld R, Kornfeld S (1985) Assembly of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. Annu Rev Biochem 54:631–664

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labriola C, Cazzulo JJ, Parodi AJ (1995) Retention of glucose units added by the UDP-Glc: glycoprotein glycosyltransferase delays exit of glycoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 130:771–779

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lackie PM, Zuber C, Roth J (1990) Polysialic acid and N-CAM expression in embryonic rat kidney: mesenchymal and epithelial elements show different patterns of regulation. Development 110:933–947

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lackie PM, Zuber C, Roth J (1991) Expression of polysialylated N-CAM during rat heart development. Differentiation 47:85–98

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lackie PM, Zuber C, Roth J (1994) Polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is widely expressed during organogenesis in mesodermal and endodermal derivatives. Differentiation 57:119–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee EU, Roth J, Paulson JC (1989) Alteration of terminal glycosylation sequences onN-linked oligosaccharides of Chinese hamster ovary cells by expression of β-galactoside α-2,6-sialyltransferase. J Biol Chem 264:13848–13855

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legault DJ, Kelly RJ, Natsuka Y, Lowe JB (1995) Human alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferases discriminate between different oligosaccharide acceptor substrates through a discrete peptide fragment. J Biol Chem 270:20987–20996

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeHir M, Dubach UC (1982a) The cellular specificity of lectin binding in the kidney. I. A light microscopical study in the rat. Histochemistry 74:521–530

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeHir M, Dubach UC (1982b) The cellular specificity of lectin binding in the kidney. II. A light microscopical study in the rabbit. Histochemistry 74:531–540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeHir M, Kaissling B, Koeppen BM, Wade JB (1982) Binding of peanut lectin to specific epithelial cell types in the kidney. Am J Physiol 242:C117-C129

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucocq JM, Brada D, Roth J (1986) Immunolocalization of the oligosaccharide trimming enzyme glucosidase II. J Cell Biol 102:2137–2146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucocq JM, Berger EG, Roth J (1987) Detection of terminalN-linkedN-acetylglucosaminidase residues in the Golgi apparatus using galactosyltransferase and endoglucosaminidase F/peptideN-glycosidase F: adaption of a biochemical approach to electron microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 35:67–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McCoy RD, Vimr ER, Troy FA (1985) CMP-NeuAc:poly-α-2,8-sialosyl sialyltransferase and the biosynthesis of polysialosyl units in neural cell adhesion molecules. J Biol Chem 260:12695–12699

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RL, Collawan JF, Fish WW (1982) Purification and molecular properties of a sialic acid-specific lectin from the slugLimax flavus. J Biol Chem 257:7574–7580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moremen K, Touster O (1988) Mannosidases in mammalian glycoprotein processing. In: Das RC, Robbin PW (eds) Protein transfer and organelle biosynthesis. Academic Press. San Diego, pp 209–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakayama J, Fukuda MN, Fredette B, Ranscht B, Fukuda M (1995) Expression cloning of a human polysialyltransferase that forms the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule present in embryonic brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:7031–7035

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Natsuka S, Lowe JB (1994) Enzymes involved in mammalian oligosaccharide biosynthesis. Curr Opin Struct Biol 4:683–691

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolson GL (1974) The interaction of lectins with animal surfaces. Int Rev Cytol 39:89–190

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson T, Pypaert M, Hoe ME, Slusarewicz P, Berger EG, Warren G (1993) Overlapping distribution of two glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus of HeLa cells. J Cell Biol 120:5–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ogata S, Ho I, Chen A, Dubois D, Maklansky I, Singhal A, Hakomori SI, Itzkowitz SH (1995) Tumor-associated sialylated antigens are constitutively expressed in normal human colonic mucosa. Cancer Res 55:1869–1874

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ora A, Helenius A (1995) Calnexin fails to associate with substrate proteins in glucosidase-deficient cell lines. J Biol Chem 270:26060–26062

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ou WJ, Bergeron JJM, Li Y, Kang CY, Thomas DY (1995) Conformational changes induced in the endplasmic reticulum luminal domain on clanexin by Mg-ATP and Ca2+. J Biol Chem 270:18051–18059

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker CG, Fessler LI, Nelson RE, Fessler JH (1995) Drosophila UDP-glucose:glucoprotein glucosyltransferase: sequence and characterization of an enzyme that distinguishes between denatured and native proteins. EMBO J 14:1294–1303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pathak RK, Merkle RK, Cummings RD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS, Anderson RGW (1988) Immunocytochemical localization of mutant low density lipoprotein receptors that fail to reach the Golgi complex. J Cell Biol 106:1831–1841

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paulson JC, Colley KJ (1989) Glycosyltransferases. Structure, localization, and control of cell type-specific glycosylation. J Biol Chem 164:17615–17618

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulson JC, Weinstein J, Schauer A (1989) Tissue specific expression of sialyltransferases. J Biol Chem 264:10931–10934

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson JR, Ora A, Van PN, Helenius A (1995) Transient, lectinlike association of calreticulin with folding intermediates of cellular and viral glycoproteins. Mol Biol Cell 6:1173–1184

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambourg A, Clermont Y (1990) Three-dimensional electron microscopy: structure of the Golgi apparatus. Eur J Cell Biol 51:189–200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rambourg A, Neutra M, Leblond CP (1966) Presence of a “cell coat” rich in carbohydrates at the surface of cells in the rat. Anat Rec 154:41–72

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindranath MH, Higa HH, Cooper EL, Paulson JC (1985) Purification and characterization of anO-acetylsialic acid-specific lectin from a marine crabCancer antennarius. J Biol Chem 260:8850–8856

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinderle SJ, Goldstein IJ, Matta KL, Ratcliffe RM (1989) Isolation and characterization of amaranthin, a lectin present in the seeds ofAmaranthus caudatus, which recognizes the T-(or cryptic T) antigen. J Biol Chem 264:16123–16131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1978) The lectins. Molecular probes in cell biology and membrane research. Exp Pathol Suppl 3:1–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1983a) Application of immunocolloids in light microscopy. II. Demonstration of lectin binding sites in paraffin sections by the use of lectin-gold complexes or glycoprotein-gold complexes. J Histochem Cytochem 31:547–552

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1983b) Application of lectin-gold complexes for electron microscopic localization of glycoconjugates on thin sections. J Histochem Cytochem 31:987–999

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1984) Cytochemical localization of terminalN-acetyl-d-galactosamine residues in cellular compartments of intestinal goblet cells: implications for the topology ofO-glycosylation. J Cell Biol 98:399–406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1989) Postembedding labeling on Lowicryl K4M tissue sections: detection and modification of cellular components. In: Tartakoff AM (ed) Methods in cell biology. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 513–551

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1993) Cellular glycoconjugates: a histochemical perspective. Histochem J 25:687–710

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J (1995) Compartmentation of glycoprotein biosynthesis. In: Montreuil J, Vliegenhart JFG, Schachter H (eds) New comprehensive biochemistry. Glycoproteins. Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, pp 287–312

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Berger EG (1982) Immunocytochemical demonstration of galactosyltransferase in HeLa cells: codistribution with thiamine pyrophosphatase intrans-Golgi cisternae. J Cell Biol 93:223–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Bendayan M, Orci L (1978) Ultrastructural localization of intracellular antigens by the use of protein A-gold complex. J Histochem Cytochem 26:1074–1081

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Bendayan M, Carlemalm E, Villiger W, Garavito M (1981) Enhancement of ultrastructural preservation and immunocytochemical staining in low temperature embedded pancreatic tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 29:663–671

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Brown, D, Orci L (1983) Regional distribution ofN-acetyl-d-galactosamine residues in the glycocalyx of glomerular podocytes. J Cell Biol 96:1189–1196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Lucocq JM, Charest PM (1984) Light and electron microscopic demonstration of sialic acid residues with the lectin fromLimax flavus: a cytochemical affinity technique with the use of fetuin-gold complexes. J Histochem Cytochem 32: 1167–1176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Taatjes DJ, Lucocq JM, Weinstein J, Paulson JC (1985) Demonstration of an extensivetrans-tubular network continuous with the Golgi apparatus cisternal stack that may function in glycosylation. Cell 43:287–295

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Taatjes DJ, Weinstein J, Paulson JC, Greenwell P, Watkins WM (1986) Differential subcompartmentation of terminal glycosylation in the Golgi apparatus of intestinal absorptive and goblet cells. J Biol Chem 261:14307–14312

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Taatjes DJ, Bitter-Suermann D, Finne J (1987) Polysialic acid units are spatially and temporally expressed in developing postnatal rat kidney. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:1969–1973

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Greenwell P, Watkins WM (1988) Immunolocalization of blood group A gene specifiedα-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase and blood group A substance in thetrans-tubular network of the Golgi apparatus and mucus of intestinal goblet cells. Eur J Cell Biol 46:105–112

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Brada D, Lackie PM, Schweden J, Bause E (1990a) Oligo-saccharide trimming Man9-mannosidase is a resident ER protein and exhibits a more restricted and local distribution than glucosidase II. Eur J Cell Biol 53:131–141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Taatjes DJ, Tokuyasu KT (1990b) Contrasting of Lowicryl K4M thin sections. Histochemistry 95:123–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Rutishauser U, Troy FA (1993) Polysialic acid. From microbes to man. Birkhäuser, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Li W-P, Knibbs RN, MacCallum DK, Song Z, Goldstein IJ (1994a) Differential expression of cell surface sialoglycoconjugates on wild-type and cultured Ehrlich tumor cells as revealed by quantitative lectin-gold ultrastructural cytochemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:11353–11357

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roth J, Wang Y, Eckhardt AE, Hill RL (1994b) Subcellular localization of the UDP-N-acetyl-d-galactosamine:polypeptideN-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-mediatedO-glycosylation reaction in the submaxillary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:8935–8939

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sadler JE (1984) Biosynthesis of glycoproteins: formation ofO-linked oligosaccharides. In: Ginsberg V, Robbins PW (eds) John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp 199–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Sata T, Lackie PM, Taatjes DJ, Peumans W, Roth J (1989) Detection of the NeuAc (α2,3) Gal (β1,4) GlcNAc sequence with the leukoagglutinin fromMaackia amurensis: light and electron microscopic demonstration of differential tissue expression of terminal sialic acid in α2,3 and α2,6-linkage. J Histochem Cytochem 37:1577–1588

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sata T, Zuber C, Rinderle SJ, Goldstein IJ, Roth J (1990a) Expression patterns of the T antigen and the cryptic T antigen in rat fetuses: detection with the lectin amaranthin. J Histochem Cytochem 38:763–774

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sata T, Zuber C, Roth J (1990b) Lectin-digoxigenin conjugates: a new hapten system for glycoconjugate cytochemistry. Histochemistry 94:1–11

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sata T, Roth R, Zuber C, Stamm B, Heitz PhU (1991) Expression ofα2,6-linked sialic acid residues in neoplastic but not in normal colonic mucosa. Am J Pathol 139:1435–1448

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sata T, Zuber C, Stamm B, Heitz PU, Rinderle SJ, Goldstein IJ, Roth J (1992) Studies on the Thommsen-Friedenreich antigen in human colon with the lectin amaranthin. Normal and neoplastic epithelium express cryptic T antigen. Lab Invest 66: 175–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato A, Spicer SS (1982) Ultrastructural visualization of galactosyl residues in various alimentary epithelial cells with the peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase procedure. Histochemistry 73:607–624

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sawada H, Stukenbrok H, Kerjaschki D, Farquhar MG (1986) Epithelial polyanion (podocalyxin) is found in the sides but not the soles of the foot processes of the glomerular epithelium. Am J Pathol 125:309–318

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schachter H, Williams D (1982) Biosynthesis of mucus glyocproteins. In: Chantler EN, Elder JB, Elskin M (eds) Mucus in health and disease. Plenum Press, New York, pp 3–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger EP, Lackie PM, Papay J, Roth J (1994a) In vitro and in vivo growth of clonal lines of human small cell lung carcinoma is modulated by polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule. Lab Invest 70:95–106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger P, Papay J, Zuber C, Lackie PM, Roth J (1994b) Cellular site and dynamics of cell surface re-expression of polysialic acid of the neural cell adhesion molecule. Eur J Biochem 225:1097–1103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheidegger EP, Sternberg LR, Roth J, Lowe JB (1995) A human STX cDNA confers polysialic acid expression in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 270:22685–22688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulte BA, Spicer SS (1983) Light microscopic detection of sugar residues in glycoconjugates of salivary glands and the pancreas with lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugates. I. The mouse. Histochem J 15:1217–1238

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schweden J, Bause E (1990) Characterization of trimming Man9-mannosidase from pig liver: purification of a catalytically active fragment and evidence for the transmembrane nature of the intact 65 kDa enzyme. Biochem J 264:347–355

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweden J, Legler G, Bause E (1986) Purification and characterization of a neutral processing mannosidase from calf liver acting on (Man)9(GlcNAc)2 oligosaccharides. Eur J Biochem 157:563–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shibuya N, Goldstein IJ, Broekaert WF, Nsimba-Lubaki M, Peeters B, Peumans WJ (1987) The elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) bark lectin recognizes the Neu5Ac(α2,6)Gal/GalNAc sequence. J Biol Chem 262:1596–1601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa M, Parodi AJ (1995) The molecular basis of the recognition of misfolded glycoproteins by the UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. EMBO J 14:4196–4203

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spicer SS, Baron DS, Sato A, Schulte BA (1981) Variability of cell surface glycoconjugates. Relation to differences in cell function. J Histochem Cytochem 29:994–1002

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strous GJ, Kerkhof P van, Willemsen R, Geuze HJ, Berger EG (1983) Transport and topology of galactosyltranserase in endomembranes of HeLa cells. J Cell Biol 95:723–727

    Google Scholar 

  • Strous GJ, Kerkhof P van, Brok R, Roth J, Brada D (1987) Glucosidase II, a protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with high mannose oligosaccharide chains and a rapid turnover. J Biol Chem 262:3620–3625

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taatjes DJ, Roth J (1988) Alteration of sialyltransferase and sialic acid expression accompanies intestinal cell differentiation. Eur J Cell Biol 46:289–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taatjes DJ, Roth J (1991) Glycosylation in intestinal epithelium. Int Rev Cytol 126:135–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taajtes DJ, Schaub U, Roth J (1987) Light microscopical detection of antigens and lectin binding sites with gold labeled reagents on semithin Lowicryl K4M sections: usefulness of the photochemical silver reaction for signal amplification. Histochem J 19:235–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Taatjes DJ, Roth J, Peumans W, Goldstein IJ (1988) Elderberry bark lectin-gold techniques for the detection of Neu5Ac(α2,6) Gal/GalNAc sequences: applications and limitations. Histochem J 20:478–490

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taatjes DJ, Barcomb LA, Leslie KO, Low RB (1990) Lectin binding patterns to terminal sugars of rat lung alveolar epithelial cells. J Histochem Cytochem 38:233–244

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thyberg J, Moskalewski S (1992) Reorganization of the Golgi complex in association with mitosis—redistribution of mannosidase-II to the endoplasmic reticulum and effects of Brefeldin-A. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 24:495–508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tollefsen SE, Kornfeld R (1983) The B4 lectin fromVicia villosa seeds interacts withN-acetylgalactosamine residues α-linked to serine or threonine residues in cell surface glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 258:5172–5176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tooze SA, Tooze J, Warren G (1988) Site of addition ofN-acetylgalactosamine to the E1 glyocprotein of mouse hepatitis virus-A59. J Cell Biol 106:1475–1487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uhlenbruck G, Prokop O (1966) An agglutinin fromHelix pomatia which reacts with terminalN-acetyl-d-galactosamine. Vox Sang 11:519–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velasco A, Hendricks L, Moreman KW, Tulsiani DRP, Touster O, Farquhar MG (1993) Cell type-dependent variations in the subcellular distribution of α-mannosidases I and II. J Cell Biol 122:39–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner P, Roth J (1988) Occurrence and distribution of sialic acid residues in developing rat glomerulus: investigations with theLimax flavus and wheat germ agglutinin. Eur J Cell Biol 47:259–269

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang WC, Cummings RD (1988) The immobilized leukoagglutinin from the seeds ofMaackia amurensis binds with high affinity to complex-type asn-linked oligosaccharides containing terminal sialic acid linked α2,3 to penultimate galactose residues. J Biol Chem 263:4576–4585

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Abernethy JL, Eckhardt AE, Hill RL (1992) Purification and characterization of a UDP-GalNAc:polypeptideN-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase specific for glycosylation of threonine residues. J Biol Chem 267:12709–12716

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ware FE, Vassilakos A, Peterson PA, Jackson MR, Lehrman MA, Williams DB (1995) The molecular chaperone calnexin binds Glc(1)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide as an initial step in recognizing unfolded glycoproteins. J Biol Chem 270:4697–4704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein J, Lee EU, McEntee K, Lai PH, Paulson JC (1987) Primary structure of β-galactoside α2,6 sialyltransferase. Conversion of membrane bound enzyme to soluble form by cleavage of theN-terminal signal anchor. J Biol Chem 262:17735–17743

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ziak M, Qu B, Zuo X, Zuber C, Kanamori K, Kitajima K, Inoue S, Inoue Y, Roth J (1996) Occurrence of poly α-2,8-deaminoneuraminic acid (KDN) in mammalian tissues: widespread and developmentally regulated but highly selective expression on glycoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:2759–2763

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuber C, Roth J (1990) The relationship of polysialic acid and the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM in Wilms tumor and their subcellular distributions. Eur J Cell Biol 51:313–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuber C, Lackie PM, Caterall WA, Roth J (1992) Polysialic acid is associated with sodium channels and the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in adult brain. J Biol Chem 267:9965–9971

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Roth, J. Protein glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus and cell type-specificity of cell surface glycoconjugate expression: analysis by the protein A-gold and lectin-gold techniques. Histochem Cell Biol 106, 79–92 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473203

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02473203

Keywords

Navigation