Abstract
Developmental variants in fruiting ofCoprinus cinereus were induced by mutagenizing oidia of the homokaryotic fruiting strain CopD5-12 with UV light. Through screening of 2,696 isolates, 1,018 strains exhibited defects in fruiting and were classified into 8 groups: (1) knotless variants, which fail to form hyphal knots, the first visible sign of fruiting; (2) primordiumless variants, which form hyphal knots but fail to develop fruit-body primordia; (3) maturationless variants, which form fruit-body primordia but do not form mature fruit bodies; (4) elongationless variants, which form mature fruit bodies with short stipes; (5) expansionless variants, which form mature fruit bodies with unexpanded pilei; (6) sporeless variants, which fail to produce black basidiospores, resulting in fruit bodies with white pilei after maturation; (7) compound type, which includes variants exhibiting several of the phenotypes described above; (8) others, including variants that produce a “dark stipe” even under in light/dark conditions, which is formed under continuous darkness in the wild-type. Two elongationless variants were characterized histologically.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Ahmad, M. and Cashmore, A. R. 1993. TheHY4 gene ofA. thaliana encodes a protein with characteristics of a blue-light photoreceptor. Nature366: 162–166.
Ballario, P. and Macino, G. 1997. White collar proteins: PASsing the light signal inNeurospora crassa. Trends Microbiol.5: 458–462.
Ballario, P., Vittorioso, P., Magrelli, A., Talora, C., Cabibbo, A. and Macino, G. 1996.White collar-1, a central regulator of blue light responses inNeurospora, is a zinc finger protein. EMBO J.15: 1650–1657.
Binninger, D. M., Skrzynia, C., Pukkila, P. J. and Casselton, L. A. 1987. DNA-mediated transformation of the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus. EMBO J.6: 835–840.
Carattoli, A., Kato, E., Rodriguez-Franco, M., Stuart, W. D. and Macino, G. 1995. A chimeric light-regulated amino acid transport system allows the isolation of blue light regulator (blr) mutants ofNeurospora crassa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.92: 6612–6616.
Chiu, S. W. and Moore, D. 1990. A mechanism for gill pattern formation inCoprinus cinereus. Mycol. Res.94: 320–326.
Durand, R. and Jacques, R. 1982. Action spectra for fruiting of the mushroomCoprinus congregatus. Arch. Microbiol.132: 131–134.
Eger-Hummel, G. 1980. Blue-light photomorphogenesis in mushrooms (Basidiomycetes). In: The blue light syndrome, (ed. by Senger, H.), pp. 555–562. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Esser, K., Saleh, F. and Meinhardt, F. 1979. Genetics of fruit body production in higher basidiomycetes. II. Monokaryotic and dikaryotic fruiting inSchizophyllum commune. Curr. Genet.1: 85–88.
Gooday, G. W. 1975. The control of differentiation in fruit bodies ofCoprinus cinereus. Rep. Tottori Mycol. Inst.12: 151–160.
Kamada, T., Katsuda, H. and Takemaru, T. 1984. Temperature-sensitive mutants ofCoprinus cinereus defective in hyphal growth and stipe elongation. Curr. Microbiol.11: 309–312.
Kamada, T., Kurita, R. and Takemaru, T. 1978. Effects of light on basidiocarp maturation inCoprinus macrorhizus. Plant Cell Physiol.19: 263–275.
Kamada, T. and Takemaru, T. 1977a. Stipe elongation during basidiocarp maturation inCoprinus macrorhizus: mechanical properties of stipe cell wall. Plant Cell Physiol.18: 831–840.
Kamada, T. and Takemaru, T. 1977b. Stipe elongation during basidiocarp maturation inCoprinus macrorhizus: changes in polysaccharide composition of stipe cell wall during elongation. Plant Cell Physiol.18: 1291–1300.
Kamada, T. and Tsuru, M. 1993. The onset of the helical arrangement of chitin microfibrils in fruit body development ofCoprinus cinereus. Mycol. Res.97: 884–888.
Kanda, T., Goto, A., Sawa, K., Arakawa, H., Yasuda, Y. and Takemaru, T. 1989. Isolation and characterization of recessive sporeless mutants in the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus. Mol. Gen. Genet.216: 526–529.
Kanda, T. and Ishikawa, T. 1986. Isolation of recessive developmental mutants inCoprinus cinereus. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.32: 541–543.
Leslie, J. 1979. Monokaryotic fruiting inSchizophyllum commune: Genetic control of the response to mechanical injury. Mol. Gen. Genet.175: 5–12.
Leslie, J. and Leonard, T. J. 1979. Three independent genetic systems that control initiation of a fungal fruiting body. Mol. Gen. Genet.171: 257–260.
Lewis, E. B. 1978. A gene complex controlling segmentation inDrosophila. Nature276: 565–570.
Linden, H., Ballario, P. and Macino, G. 1997. Blue light regulation inNeurospora crassa. Fungal Genet. Biol.22: 141–150.
Linden, H. and Macino, G. 1997.White collar-2, a partner in blue light signal transduction, controlling expression of light-regulated genes inNeurospora crassa. EMBO J.16: 98–109.
Maida, S., Fujii, M., Skrzynia, C., Pukkila, P. J. and Kamada, T. 1997. A temperature-sensitive mutation ofCoprinus cinereus, hyt1-1, that causes swelling of hyphal tips. Curr. Genet.32: 231–236.
Miyake, H., Tanaka, K. and Ishikawa, T. 1980. Basidiospore formation in monokaryotic fruiting bodies of a mutant strain ofCoprinus macrorhizus. Arch. Microbiol.126: 207–212.
Moore, D., Elhiti, M. M. Y. and Butler, R. D. 1979. Morphogenesis of the carpophore ofCoprinus cinereus. New Phytol.83: 695–722.
Morimoto, N. and Oda, Y. 1973. Effects of light on fruit-body formation in a basidiomycete,Coprinus macrorhizus. Plant Cell Physiol.14: 217–225.
Muraguchi, H. and Kamada, T. 1998. Theich1 gene of the mushroomCoprinus cinereus is essential for pileus formation in fruiting. Development125: 3123–3132.
Murata, Y., Fujii, M., Zolan, M. E. and Kamada, T. 1998. Molecular analysis ofpcc1, a gene that leads toA-regulated sexual morphogenesis inCoprinus cinereus. Genetics149: 1753–1761.
Nüslein-Volhard, C. and Wieschaus, E. 1980. Mutations affecting segment number and polarity inDrosophila. Nature287: 795–801.
Rao, P. S. and Niederpruem, D. J. 1969. Carbohydrate metabolism during morphogenesis ofCoprinus lagopus (sensu Buller). J. Bacteriol.100: 1222–1228.
Seitz, L. C., Tang, K., Cummings, W. J. and Zolan, M. E. 1996. Therad9 gene ofCoprinus cinereus encodes a proline-rich protein required for meiotic chromosome condensation and synapsis. Genetics142: 1105–1117.
Stahl, U. and Esser, K. 1976. Genetics of fruit body production in higher basidiomycetes. I. Monokaryotic fruiting and its correlation with dikaryotic fruiting inPolyporus ciliatus. Mol. Gen. Genet.148: 183–197.
Swamy, S., Uno, I. and Ishikawa, T. 1984. Morphogenetic effects of mutations at theA andB incompatibility factors inCoprinus cinereus. J. Gen. Microbiol.130: 3219–3224.
Takemaru, T. and Kamada, T. 1972. Basidiocarp development inCoprinus macrorhizus. I. Induction of developmental variations. Bot. Mag. Tokyo85: 51–57.
Tsusué, Y. 1969. Experimental control of fruit-body formation inCoprinus macrorhizus. Dev. Growth Differ.11: 164–178.
Weigel, D. and Meyerowitz, E. M. 1994. The ABCs of floral homeotic genes. Cell78: 203–209.
Wood, W. B. 1988. The NematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Muraguchi, H., Takemaru, T. & Kamada, T. Isolation and characterization of developmental variants in fruiting using a homokaryotic fruiting strain ofCoprinus cinereus . Mycoscience 40, 227–233 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463959
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02463959