Summary
We have localized secretin in a morphologically distinctive endocrine cell scattered in the epithelium covering the villi and uppermost crypts of the human duodenum and jejunum. The human secretin cell was characterized by relatively large (mean diameter 299 nm±69 SD), fairly irregular granules, the majority of which showed homogeneous distribution of secretin and chromogranin A immunolabelling in a structurally homogeneous core. Other granules had a targetoid pattern due to an inner, argyrophobe, secretin-immunoreactive body surrounded by an argyrophil, chromogranin A immunoreactive mantle. These targetoid granules represent a distinctive ultrastructural marker of the secretin cell. Secretin cell granules have been shown to react with chromogranin A antibodies and Grimelius' silver, while lacking chromogranin B immunoreactivity. About 1/3 of secretin cells also showed serotonin immunostaining.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bendayan M, Zollinger M (1983) Ultrastructural localization of antigenic sites on osmium-fixed tissues applying the protein A-gold technique. J Histochem Cytochem 31: 101–109
Bishop AE, Sekiya K, Salahuddin MJ, Carlei E, Rindi G, Fahey M, Steel JH, Hedges M, Domoto T, Fischer-Colbrie R, Winkler H, Kransz T, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Polak JM (1989) The distribution of GAWK-like immunoreactivity in neuroendocrine cells of the human gut, pancreas, adrenal and pituitary glands and its co-localisation with chromogramin B. Histochemistry 90: 475–483
Bodanzky A, Ondetti MA, Mutt V, Bodanszky M (1969) Synthesis of secretin. IV. Secondary structure in a miniature-protein. J Am Chem Soc 91: 944–949
Buffa R, Polak JM, Pearse AGE, Solcia E, Grimelius L, Capella C (1975) Identification of the intestinal cell storing gastric inhibitory peptide. Histochemistry 43: 249–255
Buffa R, Gini A, Pelagi M, Siccardi G, Bisiani C, Zanini A, Solcia E (1989) Immunoreactivity of hormonally-characterized human endocrine cells against three novel anti-human chromogranin B (B11 and B13) and chromogranin A (A11) monoclonal antibodies. Arch Histol Cytol 52: 99–105
Bussolati G, Capella C, Solcia E, Vassallo G, Vezzadini P (1971) Ultrastructural and immunofluorescent investigations of the secretin cell in the dog intestinal mucosa. Histochemie 26: 218–227
Capella C, Solcia E (1972) The endocrine cells ofthe pig gastrointestinal mucosa and pancreas. Arch Histol Jpn 35: 1–29
Capella C, Solcia E, Vassallo G (1969) Identification of six types of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rabbit. Arch Histol Jpn 30: 479–495
Capella C, Solcia E, Frigerio B, Buffa R (1976) Endocrine cells of the human intestine. An ultrastructural study. In: Fujita C (ed). Endocrine gut and pancreas. Elsevier Biomedical, Amsterdam, pp 43–59
Carlei F, Rindi G, Bishop AE, Lomanto D, Simi M, Polak JM (1988) Coexistence of serotonin (5HT) and secretin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of human jejunum. Gastroenterology 94 [Suppl, part 2]: A59
Carlquist M, Jörnvall H, Forssmann WG, Thulin L, Johansson C, Mutt V (1985) Human secretin is not identical to the porcine/bovine hormone. Int Res Commun Syst Med Sci 13: 217–218
Facer P, Bishop AE, Lloyd RV, Wilson BS, Hennessey RJ, Polak JM (1985) Chromogranin: a newly recognised marker for endocrine cells of the human gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 89: 1366–1373
Grimelius L (1968) A silver nitrate stain for α2 cells in human pancreatic islets. Acta Soc Med Uppsala 73: 243–270
Hsu SM, Raine L, Fongez H (1981) Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: a comparison between ABC and unlabelled antibody (PAP) procedures. J Histochem Cytochem 29: 577–580
Iguchi K, Mochizuki T, Inoue T, Yanaihara C, Naruse S, Nokihara K, Forssman WG, Mutt V, Kanno T, Yanaihara N (1986) Synthesis of human secretin and comparison of biological activities of synthetic human, porcine and chicken secretin in the rat and dog. In: Kiso Y (ed) Peptide chemistry 1985. Protein Research Foundation. Osaka, pp 191–196
Larsson LI, Mørch Jørgensen L (1978) Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on the cytodifferentiation of duodenal endocrine cells. Cell Tissue Res 194: 79–102
Larsson LI, Sundler F, Häkanson R, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB, Fahrenkrug J (1977) Distribution, ontogeny and ultrastructure of the mammalian secretin cell. Cell Tissue Res 181: 361–368
Lloyd RV, Wilson BS (1983) Specific endocrine tissue marker defined by a monoclonal antibody. Science 222: 628–630
Mutt V, Jorpes, JE, Magnusson S (1970) Structure of porcine secretin: the aminoacid sequence. Eur J Biochem 15: 513–519
O'Connor DT (1983) Chromogranin: widespread immunoreactivity in polypeptide hormone producing tissues and in serum. Regul Pept 6: 263–280
Pelagi M, Bisiani C, Gini A, Bonardi AM, Rosa P, Maré P, Viale G Cozzi MG, Salvadore M, Zanini A, Siccardi AG, Buffa R (1989) Preparation and characterization of anti-human chromogranin A and chromogranin B (secretogranin I) monoclonal antibodies. Mol Cell Probes 3: 87–101
Polak JM, Bloom S, Coulling I, Pearse AGE (1971) Immunofluorescent localization of secretin in the canine duodenum. Gut 12: 605–610
Rindi G, Buffa R, Sessa F, Tortora O, Solcia E (1986) Chromogranin A, B and C immunoreactivities of mammalian endocrine cells. Distribution, distinction from costored hormones/prohormones and relationship with the argyrophil component of secretory granules. Histochemistry 85: 19–28
Roth J, Bendayan M, Orci L (1978) Ultrastructural localization of intracellular antigens by the use of protein A-gold complex. J Histochem Cytochem 26: 1074–1080
Roth J, Bendayan M, Carlemalm E, Villiger W, Garavito M (1981) Enhancement of structural preservation and immunocytochemical staining in low temperature embedded pancreatic tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 29: 663–671
Sjölund K, Sandén G, Häkanson R, Sundler F (1983) Endocrine cells in human intestine: an immunocytochemical study. Gastroenterology 85: 1120–1130
Solcia E, Capella C, Chieli T, Bellini O, Bertazzoli C (1972) Effect of chronic caerulein overdosage on the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. In: Demling L (ed) Gastrointestinal hormones. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp. 103–113
Solcia E, Capella C, Vezzadini G, Barbara L, Bussolati G (1972b) Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural detection of the secretin cell in the pig intestinal mucosa. Experientia 28: 218–227
Solcia E, Capella C, Buffa R, Usellini L, Fiocca R, Sessa F (1987) Endocrine cells of the digestive system. In: Johnson LE (ed) Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 2nd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 111–130
Stephen B, Kent H, Hood LE, Beilan H, Meister S, Geiser T (1984) High yield chemical synthesis of biologically active peptides on an automated peptide synthesizer of novel design. In: Ragnarsson U (ed) Peptides 1984. Almqvist & Wiksell International, Stockholm (Sweden), pp 185–188
Usellini L, Buchan AMJ, Polak JM, Capella C, Cornaggia M, Solcia E (1984a) Ultrastructural localization of motilin in endocrine cells of human and dog intestine by the immunogold technique. Histochemistry 81: 363–368
Usellini L, Capella C, Frigerio B, Rindi G, Solcia E (1984b) Ultrastructural localization of secretin in endocrine cells of the dog duodenum by the immunogold technique. Comparison with ultrastructurally characterized S cells of various mammals. Histochemistry 80: 435–441
Usellini L, Capella C, Solcia E, Buchan AMY, Brown JC (1984c) Ultrastructural localization of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in a well characterized endocrine cells of canine duodenal mucosa. Histochemistry 80: 85–89
Usellini L, Capella C, Malesci A, Rindi G, Solcia E (1985) Ultrastructural localization of cholecystokinin in endocrine cells of the dog duodenum by the immunogold technique. Histochemistry 83: 331–336
Varndell JM, Lloyd RU, Wilson BS, Polak JM (1985) Ultrastructural localization of chromogranin: a potential marker for the electron microscopical recognition of endocrine cell secretory granules. Histochem J 17: 981
Vassallo G, Solcia E, Capella C (1969) Light and electron microscopic identification of several types of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the cat. Z Zellforsch 98: 333–356
Vassallo G, Capella C, Solcia E (1971) Grimelius' silver stain for endocrine cell granules as shown by electron microscopy. Stain Technol 46: 7–14
Walsh JH (1987) Gastrointestinal hormones. In: Johnson LR (ed) Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, 2nd edn. Raven Press, New York, pp 181–253
Winkler H (1976) The composition of adrenal chromaffin granules: and assessment of controversial results. Neuroscience 1: 65–80
Yanaihara N, Kubota M, Sakagami M, Sato H, Mochizuki T, Sakura N, Hashimoto T, Yanaihara C, Yamaguchi K, Zeze F, Abe K (1977) Synthesis of phenolic group containing analogues of porcine secretin and their immunological properties J Med Chem 20: 648–655
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Usellini, L., Finzi, G., Riva, C. et al. Ultrastructural identification of human secretin cells by the immunogold technique. Their costorage of chromogranin A and serotonin. Histochemistry 94, 113–120 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02440176
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02440176