Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Three newHomo erectus mandibles from Java

  • Published:
Human Evolution

Abstract

There are now eleven manidublar pieces from the Lower and Middle Pleistocene of Java, all but one being from the Sangiran site. All of these have been assigned toHomo erectus by most workers, while others have suggested as many as four different hominoid taxa. Sangiran 21 (Mandible E), Sangiran 22 (Mandible F), and Sangiran 37 (Mandible G) are described here fully for the first time. Sangiran 21, 22, and 27 all come from the Upper Pucangan Formation and date approximately 1.2 Myr. The new mandibles are morphologically compatible with theH. erectus, crania from Java.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Brown WL (1958)Some zoological concepts applied to problems in evolution of the hominid lineage. Am. Sci., 46, 151–158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell BG (1973)New concepts in physical anthropology: fossil man. Ann. Rev. Anthrop., 1, 27–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coons CS (1962)The Origin of Races. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curtis GH (1981)Man's immediate forerunners: Establishing a relevant time scale in anthropological and archaeological research. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, Series B, 292, 7–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franzen JL (1985a)Asian australopithecines? In (P.V. Tobias Ed.) Hominid Evolution: Past, Present, and Future, pp. 255–263. New York: Liss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franzen JL (1985b)What is “Pithecanthropus dubius Koenigswald, 1950”? In (E. Delson Ed.) Ancestors: The Hard Evidence, pp. 221–226. New York: Liss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green RM and Darvel BW (1988)Tooth wear and the position of the mental foramen. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop. 77, 69–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutterer KL (1985)The Pleistocene archaeology of Southeast Asia in regional context. Mod. Quat. Res. SE Asia 9, 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itihara M, Sudijono S, Kadar D, Shibisaki T, Kumai H, Yoshikawa S, Aziz F, Soeradi T, Wikarno, Kadar AP, Hadibuan, F & Kagemori Y (1985a)Geology and stratigraphy of the Sangiran area. In (N. Watanabe & D. Kadar Eds.) Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations Java: Report of the Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Project CTA-41, 1976–1979. Special Bulletin Number 4. Bandung, Indonesia: Geological Research and Development Centre, pp. 11–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itihara M, Kadar D & Watanabe N, (1985b). Concluding remarks. In (N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (Eds.)Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations in Java: Report of the Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Project CTA-41, 1976–1979. Special Bulletin Number, 4. Bandung, Indonesia: Geological Research and Development Centre, pp. 367–378.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacob T (1973)Paleoanthropological discoveries in Indonesia with special reference to the finds of the last two decades. J. hum. Evol. 2, 473–485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob T (1980) “Pithecanthropus” of Indonesia: The phenotype, genetics, andecology. In (L.K. Konigsson Ed.) Current Arguments on Early Man, Proceedings of a Nobel Symposium, 41 Karlskoga, Sweden, May 1978.

  • von Koenigswald GHR (1954)“Pithecanthropus”, “Meganthropus” and the Australopithecinae. Nature, 173, 795–797.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Koenigwald, GHR (1960) “Meganthropus palaeojavanicus v.K.” a new fossil hominid from Java. Cong. Int. Anthrop. Ethnol. Bruxelles, 1948, pp. 271–272.

  • Kramer A (1989).The Evolutionary and Taxonmic Affinities of the Sangiran Mandibles of Central Java, Indonesia. Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krantz GS (1975).An explanation for the diastema of Java erectus skull IV. In (R.H. Tuttle Ed.) Paleoanthropology, Morphology, and Paleoecology, pp. 361–372. The Hague: Mouton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krantz GS (1981).The Process of Human Evolution. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krantz GS (1994)The palate of skull Sangiran 4 from Java. In (J.L. Franzen, Ed.) 100 Years of Pithecanthropus: The Homo erectus Problem, pp. 69–74. Frankfurt a.M.: Courier Forschungiinstitut Senckenberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Gros Clark WE (1955)The Fossil Evidence for Human Evolution, 3rd Edition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovejoy CO (1970)The taxonomic status of the “meganthropus” mandibular fragments from the Djetis beds of Java. Man N.S. 5, 228–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks P (1953)Preliminary note on the discovery of a new jaw of “Meganthropus von Koenigswald” in the Lower Middle Pleistocene of Sangiran, Central Java. Indonesian Journal of Natural Science, 1,2,3, 26–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsu'ura S (1982)A chronological framing for the Sangiran hominids: Fundamental study by the fluorine dating method. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Ser. D. (Anthropology), 8, 1–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsu'ura S (1985)A consideration of the stratigraphic horizons of hominid findsfrom Sangiran by the fluorine method. In (N. Watanabe & D. Kadar Eds.) Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations in Java: Report of the Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Project CTA-41, 1976–1979. Special Bulletin Number 4. Bandung, Indonesia: Geological Research and Development Centre, pp. 359–366.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura S, Ikeda T & Yokoyama T (1980)A fundamental investigation on the fission-track method. Report for Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, pp. 5–11.

  • Orchiston DW & Siesser WG (1982).Chronostratigraphy of the Plio-Pleistocene fossil hominids of Java. Mod. Quat. Res. SE Asia, 7, 131–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piveteau, J (1957)Traite de Paleontologie. Volume VII. Paris: Maisson et Cie.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pope GG & Cronin JE (1984).The Asian hominidae. J. hum. Evol. 13, 377–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rightmire GP (1990)The evolution of Homo erectus: Comparative Anatomical Studies of an Extinct Human Species. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson JT (1955)Further remarks on the relationship between “Meganthropus” and australopithecines. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 13, 429–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, J.T. (1972).Early Hominid Posture and Locomotion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartono S (1961)Notes on a new find of a “Pithecanthropus” mandible. Publikasi. Tenik. Seri. Paleontologi, 2, 1–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartono S (1980)Pre-sapiens migration in Southeast Asia. Internat. Ass. Internat. Ass. Historians of Asia, VIIIth Conference, Kualalumpur (Malaysia), August, 1980.

  • Sudijono S (1985)The Grenzbank, a key marker bed. In (N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (Eds.) Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations in Java: Report of the Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Project CTA-41, 1976–1979. Special Bulletin Number 4. Bandung, Indonesia: Geological Research and Development Centre, pp. 253–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki M and Wikarno B (1982).Fission-track ages of pumice tuff layers and javites of hominid bearing Formations in Sangiran, Central Java. Comm. XI Int. Congr. INQUA, 2, 322, Moscow.

  • Suzuki M, Wikarno B, Saefudin I & Itihara M (1985)Fission-track ages of pumice tuff, tuff layers and javites of hominid fossil bearing formations in Sangiran area, Central Java In (N. Watanabe & D. Kadar (Eds.) Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations in Java: Report of the Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Project CTA-41 1976–1979. Special Bulletin Number 4. Bandung, Indonesia: Geological Research and Development Centre, pp. 309–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swisher CC, Curtis GH, Jacob, T, Getty AG, Suprijo A, & Widrasmoro (1994).Age of the Earliest Known Hominids in Java, Indonesia. Science, 263, 1118–1121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobias PV (1966)A re-examination of the Kedung Brubus mandible. Zool. Meded. Leiden, 41, 307–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyler DE (1991)A taxonomy of Javan homonid mandibles. Human Evolution, 6, 401–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler DE (1994)The taxonomic status of “Meganthropus” In (J.L. Franzen, Ed.) 100 Years of “Pithecanthropus”: The Homo erectus Problem, pp. 115–121. Frankfurt a.M., Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe N and Kadar D eds. (1985).Quaternary Geology of the Hominid Fossil Bearing Formations in Java. Report of the Indonesia-Japan Joint Research Project CTA-41, 1976–1979. Special Bulletin Number 4. Bandung, Indonesia: Geological Research and Development Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidenreich F (1945).Giant early man from Java and South China. Anthrop. Pap. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 40, 1–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolpoff MH (1975)Some aspects of human evolution. In (J.A. McNamara Ed.) Determinants of Mandibular Form and Growth, pp. 1–64. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolpoff MH (1980)Paleoanthropology. New York: Knopf.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood B (1992)Origin and evolution of the genus Homo. Nature 355, pp. 783–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yokoyama T, Hadiwisastra, S Hantoro, W, Matsuda, T & Nishimura, S (1980)K-Ar age of the “Lahar Tuff” lowest part of the Pucangan Formation, Pleistocene of Sangiran, Central Java, Indonesia. Riset. Geologi dan Pertambangan, LIPI, 3, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Yinyun (1984)The “Australopithecus” of West Hubai and some early Pleistocene hominids of Indonesia. Acta Anthropol. Sinica, 3, 92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Yinyun (1985)Gigantopithecus and “Australopithecus” in China. In (Wu Rukang & J.W. Olson Eds.) Paleoanthropology and Paleolithic Archaeology in the People's Republic of China, pp. 69–78. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Idaho, 83843-1110, Moscow, ID, U.S.A.

    D. E. Tyler

Authors
  1. D. E. Tyler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tyler, D.E. Three newHomo erectus mandibles from Java. Hum. Evol. 16, 103–115 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02438643

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02438643

Keywords

Search

Navigation