Abstract
Allozyme and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction studies were undertaken to determine the extent of genetic divergence among field populations ofAnopheles albitarsis in Brazil. Two sympatric species,An. deaneorum andAn. marajoara, were identified in collections from Costa Marques (CM), Rondonia. Genetic evidence includes (1) the presence of two types of individuals, each with diagnostic allelic clusters (forHad-1, Pgi-1, Pep-1, Mpi-1, andIdh-1), (2) a deficiency of heterozygotes, and (3) characteristic mtDNA haplotypes. In addition, two allopatric cryptic species ofAn. marajoara were identified, one from Iguape (An. marajoara form IG), Sao Paulo state, and the other from the Island of Marajo (An. marajoara form MA). Though form IG and form-MA resemble form CM in wing spot morphology, they differ from it in diagnostic allozymes and mtDNA haplotypes.An. marajoara form CM had a higher variability (mean heterozygosity,H=0.22, and percentage of polymorphic loci,P=66.7) than did form IG and form MA (H=0.08 in both, andP=25.0 and 33.3, respectively). Form MA and form IG are genetically more similar to each other than both are to form CM. Based on wing morphology, estimates ofF statistics, and genetic similarities, we propose thatAn. albitarsis in Brazil is a species complex. It comprises at least two morphologically distinguishable species: (1)An. deaneorum (currently one taxon) and (2) theAn. marajoara species complex, which further consists of at least three cryptic forms,marajoara form MA,marajoara form IG, andmarajoara form CM.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Galvao, A. L. A., and Grieco, S. J. (1943). Acasalamento doAnopheles (N.) albitarsis domesticus em laboratorio.Rev. Paulista Med. 23256.
Kim, S. S., and Narang, S. K. (1990). Restriction site polymorphism of mtDNA for differentiatingAnopheles quadrimaculatus (Say) sibling species.Korean J. Appl. Entomol. 29132.
Kitzmiller, J. B. (1976). Genetics, cytogenetics and evolution of mosquitoes.Adv. Genet. 18135.
Kitzmiller, J. B. (1977). Chromosomal differences among species ofAnopheles mosquitoes.Mosq. Syst. 9112.
Kitzmiller, J. B., Kreutzer, R. D., and Rabbani, M. G. (1974). Chromosomal polymorphism in populations ofAnopheles albitarsis.Genetics 77:s35.
Klein, T. A., Lima, J. B., and Toda-Tang, A. (1990). Colonization and maintenance ofAnopheles deaneorum in Brazil.J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 6510.
Kreutzer, R. D., Kitzmiller, J. B., and Rabbani, M. G. (1976). Cytogenetically distinguishable sympatric and allopatric populations of the mosquitoAnopheles albitarsis.Acta Amazon. 6473.
Lanzaro, G. C. (1986).Use of Enzyme Polymorphism and Hybridization Crosses to Identify Sibling Species of Mosquito, Anopheles quadrimaculatusSay, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Linthicum, K. J. (1988). A revision of the Argyritarsis Section of the subgenusNyssorhynchus ofAnopheles (Diptera:Culicidae).Mosq. Syst. 20101.
Mitchell, S. E. (1990).Mitochondrial and Ribosomal DNA Analysis for Identification of Sibling Species of Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Say), Ph.D. dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville.
Narang, S. K., and Seawright, J. A. (1988). Electrophoretic method for recognition of sibling species of anopheline mosquitoes, A practical approach.Fla. Entomol. 71303.
Narang, S. K., and Seawright, J. A. (1990). Genetic differentiation among members of species complexes in anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae). In Sobti, R. C., and Obe, G. (eds.),Eukaryotic Chromosomes: Structural and Functional Aspects Norosa, New Delhi, pp. 59–96.
Narang, S. K., Kaiser, P. E., and Seawright, J. A. (1989a). Dichotomous electrophoretic key for the identification of sibling species A, B and C of theAnopheles quadrimaculatus (Say) complex (Diptera: Culicidae).J. Med. Entomol. 2694.
Narang, S. K., Kaiser, P. E., and Seawright, J. A. (1989b). Identification of species D, a new member of theAnopheles quadrimaculatus species complex: A biochemical key.J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 5317.
Narang, S. K., Seawright, J. A., and Kaiser, P. E. (1989c). Evidence for microgeographic genetic subdivision ofAnopheles quadrimaculatus species C.J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 6179.
Narang, S., Toniolo, S. R., Seawright, J. A., and Kaiser, P. E. (1989d). Genetic differentiation among sibling species of theAnopheles quadrimaculatus (Say) complex (Diptera: Culicidae).Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 82508.
Nei, M., and Li, W. H. (1979). Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonuclease.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 765269.
Rios, R. I., Nascimento, L. P., and de Oliveira, A. C. (1984). ComplexoAnopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis e A. albitarsis domesticus (Diptera: Culicidae).Rev. Brasil Biol. 44461.
Rosa-Freitas, M. G. (1989).Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) deaneorum: A new species in theAlbitarsis complex (Diptera:Culicidae).Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 84535.
Rosa-Freitas, M. G., Deane, L. M., and Momen, H. (1990). A morphological, isoenzymatic and behavioural study of ten populations ofAnopheles (Nyssorhynchus) albitarsis Lynch-Arribalzaga, 1878 (Diptera: Culicidae) including from the type-locality—Barradero, Argentina.Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 85275.
Steiner, W. W. M., and Joslyn, D. J. (1979). Electrophoretic techniques for the genetic study of mosquitoes.Mosq. News 3935.
Steiner, W. W. M., Narang, S., Kitzmiller, J. B., and Swofford, D. L. (1982). Genetic diversity and evolution in neotropicalAnopheles (subgenus Nyssorhynchus). In Steiner, W. W. M.,et al. (eds.),Recent Developments in the Genetics of Insect Disease Vectors Stipes, Champaign, IL, pp. 523–550.
Swofford, D. L., and Selander, R. B. (1981). BIOSYS-1: A FORTRAN program for comprehensive analysis of electrophoretic data in population genetics and systematics.J. Hered. 72281.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The views of the authors do not purport to reflect the position of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense of the United States.
This research was conducted when the senior author was on the staff of the USDA-ARS Laboratory in Gainesville, Florida.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Narang, S.K., Klein, T.A., Perera, O.P. et al. Genetic evidence for the existence of cryptic species in theAnopheles albitarsis complex in Brazil: Allozymes and mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Biochem Genet 31, 97–112 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02399823
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02399823